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RESEARCH ON TOTAL LEAST-SQUARES METHODS FOR TRANSFORMATION OF GPS ELEVATION

Curve surface fitting methods have been extensively utilized for the task of conversion GPS elevation to normal elevation. However, errors of the coordinates of GPS observations maybe propagate into the transformed normal elevation during estimating the curve surface parameters. To analyze the influence of these errors in the observation data on the transformed elevation, we employed three models: the quadratic polynomial curve surface, cubic polynomial curve surface and moving quadratic curve surface, to study the accuracy of the converted normal elevation. Least??Squares and two algorithms: Total Least??Squares and Weighted Total Least??Squares to estimate the parameters of these curve surfaces. The results from numerical experiments confirm that the accuracy of normal elevation have been considerably improved when errors of the coordinates of GPS observations data were modeled during the process of transformation.