基于数字天顶摄影仪的地球自转参数测定方法研究

为研究利用数字天顶摄影定位方法测定地球自转参数的可行性，结合数字天顶摄影定位原理及时空基准转换差异，详细分析多台站地球自转参数测定及单台站UT1-UTC测定原理，并推导给出相关数学模型。模拟仿真及实测验证结果表明，采用目前高精度天顶摄影定位系统(精度0.05″)，通过全国范围内的合理布站，可实现UT1-UTC参数±5 ms、极移参数±0.06″的测量精度。单台站UT1-UTC实测精度为5~8 ms，可满足特定军事工程需求，同时可为多台站联合解算ERP参数提供数据支撑。研究成果可为我国开展地球自转参数测定提供理论参考。

Research on the Measurement of Earth Rotation Parameters Based on Digital Zenith Camera

In order to study the feasibility of measuring earth rotation parameters by digital zenith photographing and positioning method, we combine the principle of digital zenith photographing and positioning with the difference of space-time datum conversion, and analyze the earth rotation parameters by multi-stations and UT1-UTC measurement principle by single station. The relevant mathematical models are derived. The simulation and actual measurement verification results show that the current high-precision zenith photographing and positioning system (accuracy 0.05″) can achieve the measurement accuracy of ±5 ms for UT1-UTC parameters and ±0.06″ for polar motion parameters through reasonable station layout nationwide. In addition, the measurement accuracy of UT1-UTC by single station is 5-8 ms, which can meet the needs of specific military engineering, and provide data support for the joint calculation of ERP parameters by multi-stations. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the development of earth rotation parameters measurement in China.