基于智慧城市空间大数据的城市信息图谱建构研究

城市大数据信息图谱相较于传统地图信息平台而言,具有可定位、可视化、实时监测的特点;同时,将城市信息图谱平台精确落实到空间地块,则能实现从表层到深层对城市各系统、各单元的全面、综合的信息表达与联动分析。基于此,本文通过大数据采集、人机互动技术及谷地软件等方法,形成从建筑单体-用地地块-道路红线-街区单元-地形地貌的三维建筑精度的城市空间数据库,进而建构出城市多源大数据全信息复合数据库,这一数据库涵盖城市绿化系统、城市市政系统、城市微气候系统、城市产业系统、城市人车系统以及城市意象系统。在此基础上,通过Arc GIS平台将空间形态数据库与复合数据库进行空间耦合,形成基于统一空间坐标系的城市空间大数据信息图谱的基础模型;根据城市规划、城市设计与管理需要进行多对象的大数据组合与相关性分析,获得多源数据融合特征综合信息,进而优化规划和设计的科学决策。

Research on the Construction of Urban Information Map Based on Spatial Big Data of Smart City

Compared with the traditional map information platform, the urban big data information map has the charactics of positioning, visualization and real-time monitoring. At the same time, , the urban information map can achieve the comprehensive information expression and linkage analysis from the surface to the deep of the urban various system and unit. On this foundation, this paper constructs the three-dimensional building accuracy urban spatial database including the building monomer-land block-road red line-block unit-terrain topography. And, it sums up the complex multi-source database including the urban greening system, urban municipal system, urban microclimate system, urban industrial system, urban vehicle system and urban imagery system. Then, it forms the basic model of urban spatial large data map based on unified spatial coordinate system through ArcGIS platform, combining the spatial form database and composite database. Finally, it can obtain multi-source data fusion characteristics of integrated information, and optimize the planning and design of scientific decision-making according to the urban planning, urban design and management needs.