精准水稻种植信息系统的分析与设计

精准农业(Precision Farming)是美国20世纪80年代初提出的农业经营概念,它的最大特点是充分考虑农田特征的空间变异,根据农田性质的空间差异对农作物实行不同的管理措施,如变量施肥、变量灌溉等,其目标是获得最大的经济收益和最少的环境污染。水稻精准种植是精准农业思想的具体实现,在实施过程中需要使用的信息包括:GPS定位信息、农田地理信息、田间采样信息、农业气象信息、作物产量信息、作物长势信息和水稻栽培专家知识等。为管理和处理这些信息并使之为水稻种植服务,水稻精准种植信息系统应当由属性数据管理、农田空间数据管理、专家系统、遥感数据处理和管理决策等子系统构成。为便于系统的开发、完善和推广,整个系统基于组件式地理信息系统开发工具,用VB编程实现。

Analysis and Design of Information System for Paddy Rice Precision Farming

The most significant characteristic of precision farming is to fully consider spatial difference of farmland and to take various management measures at different sites, such as variable fertilising and variable irrigating. The purpose of precision farming is to gain maximum financial income at the expense minimum environmental pollution. The data needed for paddy rice precision farming include GPS data, field spatial data, sampling data, meteorological data, yield data, data on paddy rice growth condition, and expert knowledge on paddy rice farming. And information system should be designed and developed to manage and process these data. The system consists of attribute data management subsystem, field spatial data management subsystem, expert knowledge subsystem, remote sensed data processing subsystem and management decision-making subsystem. The system is developed based on component GIS tools by programming with Visual Basic.