近20年来济南泉水补给区景观格局及其功能变化分析

本文以济南市泉水补给区为研究对象,利用GIS空间分析方法,在其景观变化分析的基础上,参照中国陆地生态系统的生态服务价值系数,估算了泉水补给区生态服务功能价值变化,重点分析景观变化对研究区生态服务功能的影响,进而为区域可持续发展和城市建设提供理论支持。结果表明:(1)20世纪90年代以来,泉水补给区耕地和草地景观面积呈减少趋势,林地、园地和建设用地景观面积大幅增加,其中,以林地面积增加最大;从景观类型转化看,耕地与其他景观类型相互转化较为密切,特别是与建设用地和园地之间的转化;林地面积的增加主要来源于草地和耕地;(2)泉水补给区生态服务功能价值主要由林地和耕地景观生态服务价值构成,其变化对该研究区生态服务价值变化起决定作用;从生态服务价值构成类型来看,该地区土壤形成与保护服务功能单项价值所占比重最大,约占总服务功能价值的20%;(3)90年代以来,该地区总生态服务价值呈增加趋势;从单项服务价值变化来看,水源涵养、废物处理和食物生产服务功能价值则呈现出减小趋势,其中,以水源涵养减幅最大,为4.01%,主要是由该区建设用地增加,地面硬化面积增多而引起的。研究认为,济南市南部山区作为重要的泉水补给区,其生态服务功能尤为重要,特别是水源涵养功能,因此,研究区水源涵养服务功能价值的降低应在今后南部山区开发过程中得到足够的重视与保护,逐步增加泉水补给区的整体生态效益。

Changes of Landscape Patterns and Ecological Services of the Spring Recharge Area in Jinan since 1990s

The effects of landscape pattern changes on ecological services are significant for ecological protection and landscape pattern optimization,especially for ecological fragile regions.This paper investigated ecological service functions due to landscape pattern changes in a typical region,i.e.the spring recharge area of Jinan,which is a major recharge source area of spring water.This was done based on the analysis of landscape patterns changes by spatial analysis methods of Geographic Information System（GIS） and interpretation of remote sensing images,and ecological service value coefficients evaluation of terrestrial ecosystems in China.It will provide theoretical support for regional sustainable development,landscape planning and urban construction.The results showed that： 1） cultivated land area and grassland area decreased,while woodland area,garden plots area and construction land area increased rapidly,especially woodland area changed most.On the transformation of landscape types,cultivated land was apt to transform into others,especially into construction land and garden plots;and the increase area of woodland mainly derived from grassland and cultivated land.2） The value of ecological services mainly depended on changes in woodland＇s and cultivated land＇s,which decided the ecological service function changes.The value of water and soil conservation function in the spring recharge area was the largest,and its proportion in the total value was about 20%.3） The value of total ecological services increased from 1995 to 2005.As for changes in single ecological service,service values of water and soil conservation,waste treatment and food production decreased,in which the value of water and soil conservation reduced by a most proportion,reaching up to 4.01%.It suggested that,more attention should be paid to water and soil conservation functions,in order to protect the spring recharge area,and gradually increase the total ecological benefits.