井工煤矿生态恢复治理工作中存在的问题探讨

井工煤矿对生态系统的影响和破坏主要为采空区导致地表变形、地面塌陷、地裂缝等地质灾害,地下水系统破坏和"三废"排放等。该文认为人们对矿区生产及闭坑后地下水污染对农业的危害未能引起足够的重视,急需强行关闭用作灌溉的污染水井,然后需要进行监测、封堵、治污等工作,逐渐提高矿区地下水质量;认为煤矿高岩温岩体作为地热能的主要赋存体,具有较好的热导率,通过水源热泵系统提取循环水中的热量,可以将采空区周边的地温能加以提取利用,让煤矿在生产及闭坑后均能产生地热能源;认为制约煤矿采空塌陷积水区治理的关键问题是解决充填积水区和井下采空区填充物问题,提出改造鲁南运河,将黄河泥沙输送到济宁及周边矿区;认为治理历史遗留矸石山的关键问题是爆破削坡过程中发生崩塌、滑坡、扬尘等灾害,可以利用高压水枪,配合破岩机和挖掘机联合作业来解决。

Study on Problems Existed in Ecological Restoration and Treatment in Underground Coal Mine

Main impacts and damages of underground coal mine on ecological system are ground deformation, ground subsidence, ground fissures and other geological hazards caused by goaf, groundwater system damage and "three wastes" discharge. It is regarded that people have not paid enough attention to the harmfulness of groundwater pollution to agriculture in mining area production and after pit closure. It is urgent to shut down polluted water wells forcibly for irrigation. Then monitoring, sealing and pollution control are needed to gradually improve the quality of groundwater in mining area. It is believed that hightemperature rock mass in coal mine is main geothermal energy. The occurrence body has good thermal conductivity. By extracting heat from circulating water through water source heat pump system, the geothermal energy around the goaf can be extracted and utilized, so that the coal mine can generate geothermal energy after production and pit closure. It is considered that key problems restricting the treatment of goaf subsidence water accumulation area is to solve the filler of filling water accumulation area and underground goaf. It is prosposed that Lunan Canal should be reformed, and the sediment of the Yellow River should be transferred to Jining and surrounding mining areas. It is believed that the key problems in the management of historical gangue mountain is the collapse, landslide, dust and other disasters in the blasting slope cutting process. It can be solved by using highpressure water guns and the joint operation of rock breaking machines and excavators.