石油类污染水体吸收特性分析

石油类污染物主要以漂浮油、分散油、乳化油和分解油等形式存在于水体中,影响着水体的表观和固有光学特性。利用2008年5月在辽宁省盘锦市辽河油田境内双台子河和绕阳河所测定的水色三要素吸收系数以及对应的水体组分数据,分析了研究区域内Ⅱ类水体水色三要素的吸收光谱特性;探讨了水体中由于石油类污染物的存在,黄色物质和色素吸收光谱的变化特征;采用差值法确定了水体中石油类污染物的吸收系数。研究结果表明:(1)研究区域内,无论是石油类污染水体还是非石油类污染水体,非色素颗粒物和黄色物质的吸收光谱都遵循e指数衰减规律,色素吸收光谱在440nm和675nm处有以叶绿素为主的典型的色素吸收峰,在490nm处有类胡萝卜素的吸收峰;(2)对于石油类污染水体,在测定黄色物质和色素吸收系数时,由于包含了石油类污染物的作用,会增大黄色物质和色素的吸收系数;(3)石油类物质的吸收光谱曲线和非色素颗粒物、黄色物质一样遵循e指数衰减规律,但三者的指数函数斜率有明显的差别,这为将三者区分开来提供了可行性。

Analysis of petroleum-polluted water absorption spectral properties

Petroleum pollutions exist in waters in various forms, which impacts its apparent optical properties and inherent optical properties. Field works has been carried out in the rivers in Panjin city, Liaoning province of China in May 2008 in order to understand this impact. The absorption coefficient data of yellow substance, De-pigment particles and phytoplankton pigments and the corresponding water samples for laboratory measurements of chlorophyll, petroleum pollutions, and suspended material were collected. Firstly, absorption spectral features of yellow substance, De-pigment particles and phytoplankton pigments in Case II water were analyzed. Secondly, the absorption spectral properties of yellow substance and phytoplankton pigments with petroleum pollutions were discussed. Finally, the impact of petroleum pollutions on water absorption properties was analyzed using the method of algebraic difference. The results showed that (1) whether there is petroleum substance or not in water body, the absorption spectra of yellow substance and de-pigment particles all follow e-exponential attenuation trend in the research region; (2) with the presence of petroleum pollution, the absorption coefficients of yellow substance and phytoplankton pigments are both increased; (3) the absorption spectral feature of petroleum pollution appears similar to those of the yellow substance and de-pigment particles by following an e-exponential attenuation trend. However, it is feasible to distinguish them because their spectral exponential slopes have obvious difference.