流域遥感方法与实践

未来流域一体化管理模式下，要求数据、信息和知识在管理者、科学家、工程技术人员和所有利益相关方之间自由流通。其中，流域尺度数据获取、信息提炼和知识抽象是基础。卫星遥感技术因其大范围、综合性、动态性对地观测能力，为实现这一管理方式的改变提供了新的技术手段。过去的应用中，受相对稀缺的卫星影像数据和复杂应用方法的限制，出现了常规应用相对较少，应急使用较多；行业管理部门应用较少，专业研究机构使用较多；简单实用的方法较少，需要做复杂处理和调试的方法居多；数据瓶颈依然存在等问题，严重限制了遥感技术在流域管理中的深化应用。2007年中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目“海河流域治理工程生态环境效应遥感监测与评估”课题的立项，为服务于流域综合管理的遥感应用方法研究提供了实验基础。项目执行过程中，随着遥感技术在流域下垫面监测、水循环要素反演及生态环境效应评估等方面的研究日益深入，流域遥感方法论及应用范畴逐渐清晰，使得从整个课题的角度对取得的成果进行归纳总结成为可能。本文在分析流域管理发展趋势和流域遥感应用现状的基础上，介绍了项目的立项背景及在流域遥感蒸散发估算方法、水资源监测方法与农业水管理应用和生态环境变化监测与分析等方面的取得的研究成果，指出了未来流域遥感发展的趋势和任务。

Watershed remote sensing: methodology and a paradigm in Hai Basin

Future Integrated River Basin Management pattern requires data, information and knowledge can free flow among managers, scientists, engineers and all the stakeholders. And the basin-scale data acquisition, information extraction and knowledge ab-straction is the basis for it. Satellite remote sensing technology provides a new technological means for this way of management, because of its large-scale, comprehensive, dynamic earth observation capacity. In the past applications, due to the relative scar-city of the satellite images and complex restrictions on application methods, there are many problems constrained the deepening applications of remote sensing technology in watershed management: 1) relatively less conventional applications, and more emergency use; 2) it was rarely applied to the management department, but more used by the professional research institutions; 3) the simple and practical method is scarcity, because of many methods need to do complex processing and debugging; 4) data bottleneck problems remain serious. On 2007, the approval of the subject project of the Key Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences namely \"Environmental Effects Monitoring and Evaluation of Haihe River Basin Management Project with Remote Sensing\" provided the experimental basis for researches of the remote sensing applications methods that can serve in the integrated watershed management. During the implementation of the project, with the researches of using remote sensing tech-nology to land surface monitoring in the basin, the water cycle inversion and the ecological environmental effects evaluation gradually in-depth, the methodology and application areas of the remote sensing of the catchment are becoming clear. So it is possible to summarize the results in the perspective of the whole issue. Based on the analysis of the development trend of wa-tershed management and river basin remote sensing applications, This paper introduced the background of the project, the results in remote sensing evapotranspiration estimation, water resource monitoring methods and applications of agricultural water man-agement, and ecological change monitoring and analysis, and proposed the future trend of watershed development and tasks of remote sensing.