道路/轨道动态精密测量进展

传统精密工程测量采用人工静态离散观测和几何模型解算方法,无法满足道路/轨道等大型基础设施建设及其复杂运营维护管理所要求的大范围、连续、动态、高精度与精细测量。以多传感器集成技术为核心的动态观测和多源时空数据的协同解算是精密工程测量重要发展方向,并取得了重要的进展。本文首先介绍了道路/轨道动态精密测量所涉及的高精度时空基准统一与转换、多传感器同步控制、多源观测数据的融合配准、测量数据的质量增强以及基于精细三维模型的目标特征提取与识别等技术,然后阐述了动态精密测量技术在道路与轨道运营检测与测量领域的应用进展。

Progress on Dynamic and Precise Engineering Surveying for Pavement and Track

The traditional precise engineering surveying is characterized by manual static discrete observation and geometric model solution,which cannot meet the requirements of large-scale infrastructure such as pavement and track,where need of wide-range,continuous,dynamic and high-precision surveying for these infrastructures' and systems' maintenance and management.The dynamic surveying based on multi-sensor integration technology and the cooperative computing based on multi-source spatial-temporal data are the important development directions for precise engineering surveying.First,the paper introduced the uniform and conversion of high-precision spatial-temporal datum,the multi-sensor synchronous control,the fusion of the observed data,the quality improvement of the surveying data and the feature extraction and recognition of the pavement cracks based on the three-dimensional image.Then,the progress of dynamic and precise surveying applications such as pavement roughness,rutting and deflection survey,as well as geometrical parameters of track,fastener status and rail damage detection are described.