土地利用集约化研究的回顾与未来工作重点

土地利用集约化是粮食安全、经济发展与生态保护等多重压力作用下人类土地利用的必然选择。积极推进土地利用集约化进程,使其向可持续集约化方向发展,对于中国这样人多地少的国家而言,具有尤为重要的意义。土地利用集约化研究兴起于20世纪60年代,但源流更远的农业生产潜力研究、农业生产要素配置研究等与土地集约利用有关的研究成果,同样加深了人们对土地利用集约化规律的认识。由于这些工作分散于多个学科领域,相关成果并未得到很好梳理。为了弥补这一不足,本文重点围绕基本特征与测度指标、极值问题与潜力研究、驱动因素与限制因素、环境影响与可持续集约化等4个方面,简要回顾了至今为止土地利用集约化方面的主要研究成果,并概要介绍了监测和制图、路径选择、政策选择、城镇用地“集约化”等有待进一步探讨的主要问题。

Main progress in the research on land use intensification

Land use intensification is an unimpeachable choice of human beings under the multiple pressures of food security, economic development, and ecological conservation. It is particularly important for the countries with less land resource per capita like China to foster a sustainable intensification in their use of land. The scienti?c understanding of land-use change, however, is still insuf?cient to characterise the conditions under which such a sustainable intensi?cation can and will occur. The existing large knowledge gaps should be filled in the future. In this paper, we briefly review main progress in the research on land use intensification. The content is arranged in two sections. The first section focuses on four subtopics: (1) basic characters and their measuring indicators, (2) extremum and potential for input and output, (3) driving factors and limiting factors, (4) ecological effects and sustainable intensification. The second section is on current hotspots: monitoring and mapping land use intensity, land sharing & land sparing, policy premise and choice, and urban land "intensification" in China.