中国对外开放口岸布局研究

本文共分五个部分。１、口岸分类及功能：按口岸的重要性及管理层次分类；按口岸性质及运输方式分类；按口岸所处地带及对外职能分类。２、口岸的基本结构：包括对外运输系统、对外贸易系统、监督检查系统、服务系统和综合管理系统。３、口岸布局与区域开发。４、中国口岸布局四大地域系统：沿海沿江沿边口岸开放地域系统和内陆（沿路）口岸开放地域系统。５、关于改善开放口岸体系的建议：口岸设置要为外向型经济服务，结合国际大通道建设开辟新口岸，大力发展航空网设置新航空港口岸，沿江内陆区口岸类型要多样化，完善现有开放口岸系统。

DISTRIBUTION OF PORTS IN CHINA

Ports,as doors of the country opening toward the world,is playing double roles making a bridge between the domestic market and the overseas market and defending state sovereignty.In China,the ports are some seaports,railstations,passways,and airports where the goverments permit passengers,goods and vehicles to pass through and some facilities (e. g. frontier inspection stations.customhouse,harbour superintendency administrations and quarantine stations for human being,animals and plants,etc),infrastrucutre and administration offices are established.This paper includes five sections: (1)Classification and function.China's ports can be divided into the state ports and the localports based administrative level and seaports.airports and local ports based on modes of transportation.(2)Fundamental elements of ports.A basic port includes the external transportation system,the foreign trade system.the supervisory and testing system,the service system and the comprehensive administrative system.(3)Allocation of ports and regional development.(4)Distribution of China's ports.The author discussed mainly the seaport system along the coast,the trading port system along the interior border,the waterport system along the Changjiang River(Yangtze River).(5)Some suggestions for the development of China's port system.They are :(a)The establishment of ports must depend on the development of external economy.international passways,airline networks.(b)The function of ports in the interior area and along the Changjiang River(Yangtze River)should be diversified.(c)The port planning must march the urban construction.