能源转型的地缘政治研究

在全球能源转型的大背景下,能源转型的地缘政治问题日益成为世界能源地理及政治学研究的前沿和热点领域。不同阶段的能源内涵、属性及地缘政治特征存在明显差异,在可再生能源时代,能源地缘政治更加多元化、复杂化和综合化。本文对比了不同阶段能源的地缘政治特征,梳理了可再生能源地缘政治的研究历程。研究认为：全球能源转型将加剧地缘政治格局的重构,改变传统能源安全主导的地缘安全与冲突关系,改变不同国家在全球能源地缘政治中的角色,重塑传统油气时代所形成的国家能源关系,同时也将凸显新能源技术和关键稀缺材料对能源转型地缘政治的影响,并引发新的能源网络安全问题。研究发现虽然各学科的学者对能源转型的地缘政治进行了广泛关注,但是当前关于能源转型的地缘政治影响,仍存在诸多不确定性,在理论框架、技术方法、研究视角等方面仍存在发展和完善的空间。展望未来,能源转型的地缘政治研究亟待加强学科理论研究,推动能源转型地缘政治的科学计量研究转向,加强服务学科发展和国家能源安全重大决策的应用研究,探究能源转型对传统能源地缘政治重构的地理效应、能源转型地缘政治的作用机理和能源转型地缘政治对能源安全的影响。同时要紧密结合气候变化、“双碳”目标、全球能源治理等国际学术前沿来开展能源转型的地缘政治研究,以丰富世界能源地理的研究视角。

Geopolitics of the energy transition

Under the background of global energy transition, the geopolitical problem of energy transition has increasingly become one of the frontiers and hot topics of world energy geography and politics. There are obvious differences in energy connotation, attributes and geopolitical characteristics in different stages. In the new energy era, energy geopolitics is more diversified, complex and comprehensive. This paper compares the geopolitical characteristics of energy in different stages, and combs the research process of new energy geopolitics. The research shows that the global energy transition will intensify the reconstruction of geopolitical pattern, change the relationship between geopolitical security and conflict dominated by traditional energy security, change the role of different countries in global energy geopolitics, reshape the national energy relationship formed in the traditional oil and gas era, and highlight the impact of new energy technologies and key scarce materials on the geopolitics of energy transition, and cause energy network security problems. It is found that scholars of various disciplines have paid extensive attention to the geopolitics of energy transition. At present, there are many uncertainties about the geopolitical impact of energy transition, and there is still room for development and improvement in the theoretical framework, technical methods and research perspective. Looking forward to the future, the geopolitical research of energy transition urgently needs to strengthen the discipline theoretical research, promote the scientific and quantitative research of geopolitics of energy transition, and strengthen the application research of service discipline development and major national energy security decisions, explore the geographical effect of energy transitions on the reconstruction of traditional energy geopolitics, the mechanism of energy transition geopolitics and the impact of energy transition geopolitics on energy security. Meanwhile, geopolitical research on energy transformation should be carried out in close combination with international academic frontiers such as climate change, "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" goals, and global energy governance, so as to enrich the research perspective of world energy geography.