黑土保护与粮食安全背景下齐齐哈尔市国土空间优化调控路径

市域国土空间规划是空间规划体系构建的关键一环,基于黑土资源的特殊性和重要性,东北黑土区的市域国土空间规划需统筹考虑黑土保护与粮食安全双重目标。本文以黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市为例,建立了融合格网尺度与行政区尺度的黑土区国土空间功能评价指标体系,分析了市域“生产—生活—生态”（“三生”）用地的时空演变特征,诊断了其耦合协调状况,并以区域发展的多元性、社会需求的多样性为导向,提出了齐齐哈尔市黑土保护与粮食安全战略背景下国土空间优化调控路径。研究结果表明,2010—2018年齐齐哈尔市生产空间与生活空间均有一定程度的增长,“三生”功能轻度失调和勉强协调地区占比有所增加。国土空间格局冲突表现为“三生”功能协同性弱,冲突强度地域差异明显,对黑土资源的可持续性开发利用存在一定风险。本文以多尺度下“三生”功能冲突诊断结果为约束,建立了“三生”空间格局优化配置模型。研究认为,东北黑土区市域国土空间功能提升要在国家粮食安全保障能力基础上,坚持以黑土保护利用为导向,统筹“人—水—地”资源要素的组合与匹配,依托现有工业基础和产业优势,分别从引导优势功能区发展、加强重点城镇建设、提高黑土资源利用效率,协调城乡国土空间利用水平等路径来具体实施。

Optimal regulation of spatial planning in the context of black soil preservation and food security in Qiqihar

In China, the national spatial planning system is built largely upon prefectural plans, a critical part of which in many prefecture-level cities would be agricultural planning. When we develop such plans for the black soil regions in Northeast China, much effort is needed to guarantee both the black soil conservation and food security, given the rarity and importance of the black soil to agricultural use. In this research, we took Qiqihar as a case to establish an evaluation index system of land space function in the black soil areas that integrated grid-scale and administrative regional-scale. We analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution features of the production-living-ecological space (PLES) in the study area and evaluated their coupling coordination. Based on this analysis, we put forward an optimal strategy for spatial planning regulation to meet the requirement of the diversified regional development and social demands in Qiqihar in the context of prioritizing black soil preservation and food security. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: regarding the production-life-ecology function, the mildly imbalanced and barely coordinated areas increased from 2010 to 2018, when the production and living space grew to a certain extent. The low coordination of PLES, the regionally varied conflict between different functional spaces, and the potential risks of unsustainable development of black soil resources jointly constituted the conflict arising from its spatial planning. Eventually, we constructed a configuration model for optimizing spatial planning under the constraint of conflict between PLES on multiple scales. It is our suggestion that the enhancement of functional spatial planning at the prefecture level should drive the priority on which the national food security is based, by which the black soil preservation is oriented, and on which the allocation of "human-water-land" resources depends. To achieve such enhancement with the advantages of our prosperous industry, we should wisely channel the advantages of particular regions toward better development, promote the accelerated development of the critical cities and towns, improve the utilization efficiency of black soil resources, and encourage effective land use of towns in harmony with that of counties.