中国沿海集装箱港口体系的形成演化机理

立足当今中国的现实，从现代经济学观点与港口地理学原理相结合的新视角，对沿海集装箱港口体系的形成演化机理进行理论探索，揭示出竞争与合作机制的交互作用是推动沿海集装箱港口体系形成演化的内在动力，并归纳演绎了由低级均衡→非均衡相对集中→非均衡高度集中→高级均衡的沿海集装箱港口体系的一般演化模式。实证分析表明，中国沿海集装箱港口体系正处于由非均衡相对集中向非均衡高度集中阶段演化的过渡时期，其动力机制主要有：转型经济的促进作用、政府行为的调控作用和中心枢纽港的极化作用。

The Evolution Mechanism of the Coastal Container Port System of China

The main purpose of this paper is to study the formation mechanism, evolution model of the coastal container port system at theoretical and empirical levels. Firstly, a theoretical analysis about the formation mechanism of the coastal container port system in view of combination of institutional economics and economic geography is given, in which the competition and cooperation on overlapping hinterland or carrier among the interrelated container ports in a region are equally stressed. On one hand, with the formation of competition, the interrelated ports are divided into hierarchies of the scale and functional structure. On the other hand, with the emergence of cooperation, the interrelated ports merge into an organic whole. Secondly, in the light of the development of landlocked connection and the change of maritime space, the authors put forward a four-phase model that illustrates the dynamic development process of the coastal container port system and the rationale behind such development. According to this model, there are new dimensions of port structure, port operation, port hierarchies, and hinterland delineations at various phases. Thirdly, based on the empirical study of China's experience, the paper holds that there have been three development stages of the coastal container port system of China, that is, the birth of container ports (1972-1978), the initial development of container port system (1979-1995), and the fundamental formation of container port system (since 1996).