中国农业地域分异与现代农业区划方案

农业是自然再生产与经济再生产过程的统一,农业地域格局取决于自然、经济、社会和技术等要素的综合影响,而且伴随着这些要素的长期变化而产生时空演化和区域分异,由此奠定了综合农业区划的科学基础。本文探讨了中国工业化、城镇化、信息化和农业现代化协调发展新战略,剖析了现代农业发展环境的时空转变及其动态特征,建立了农业自然要素与农业地域功能耦合测度指标体系,应用聚类分析和定性评判综合手段提出了新时期中国现代农业区划原则和方法,制定了全国现代农业区划方案。该方案包括15个农业一级区、53个农业二级区,并与1981年农业综合区划方案进行比较分析,深入揭示了快速工业化、城镇化、信息化进程中中国农业生产结构、地域功能、格局动态和发展趋向,为新时期加快各地区现代农业战略性结构调整,促进农业现代化发展奠定了重要基础,为创新发展现代农业与乡村地理学,促进地理学综合研究服务国家战略需求提供了重要参考。

Regional differentiation and comprehensive regionalization scheme of modern agriculture in China

Agriculture consolidates the process of natural reproduction and economic reproduction. Spatial pattern of agricultural region is comprehensively influenced by factors such as natural geography, economic and social development and advances in technology. Along with the changes of these influencing factors over a long period, agricultural pattern and agricultural function present regional differentiation and spatio-temporal evolution. This lays a scientific foundation for comprehensive agricultural regionalization. China is currently experiencing a new period of coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization, informatization and agricultural modernization. This paper firstly investigates spatio-temporal changes and dynamic characteristics of modern agriculture development conditions in China. Then, it puts forward the coupling measure index system of agricultural natural factors and regional function, zoning principles and scientific method of modern agricultural regionalization under the new development background. Using cluster analysis and qualitative analysis, it carries out a comprehensive research and puts forward China's modern agriculture regionalization scheme in the new era, which divides China into 15 agricultural first-grade regions and 53 agricultural sub-regions. After doing a comparative analysis with the new scheme and the previous one, which was published in 1981, the paper makes a systematic interpretation on current producing situation, regional function, spatial pattern changes and agricultural development trend of each agricultural region and the whole country at last. The results of this research provide scientific basis for strategic structural adjustment and development of modern agriculture in each region. At the theoretical level, this paper provides a research reference for the development of modern agriculture and rural geography. At the application level, it promotes integrated geography research to serve the rural revitalization and national development strategic needs in the transition period in China. The regional agriculture is a natural, economic and technological complex system, with the characteristics of complexity, dynamics and high risk. As such, based on the congnition of spatial differentiation of modern agriculture development patterns, it is necessary to deeply analyze the regional differentiation of agricultural endogenous power, agriculture and rural territorial types, to improve observational research of agricultural geographical engineering and technology, and the economic, ecological, climatic integrated effects of regional agriculture transformation, to summarize systematically regional agricultural models and regional transformation patterns, to explore the early warning mechanism of modern agricultural complex system, and to study continuously the theories and strategic decision-making for promoting agricultural modernization and rural revitalization.