三峡库区规模农地时空变化特征及其驱动机制

探讨库区农地利用的转型及其机制,可反映中西部结合带、山区、库区的农村变化和人与环境关系的变化,为典型山区的农业多功能转型发展方向提供科学依据。选取三峡库区腹地5个区县为研究区,通过定义“规模农地”相关概念,利用ArcGIS 10.2软件并结合SPSS、地理空间探测器等技术手段对规模农地的变化与机制进行分析。研究发现：规模农地的转移来源主要由耕地和灌木林地组成,除部分高山反季节蔬菜,规模农地的增长一般发生在低海拔地区,且在坡度30°范围内均有分布;不同类型的规模农地空间变化有所不同,但均与道路和乡镇级行政中心的关系明显。斑块水平上,高程、坡度等自然因素对规模农地的贡献相对较大;乡镇水平上以道路交通、农业人口密度等社会经济与人文因素驱动力为主;区域水平上,各区县的驱动因子影响力较研究区整体尺度更为显著。规模农地的变化与发展受多种因素驱动,但农业政策始终是各驱动因素的主导,不同水平的行为主体会促使规模农地发展趋向不同的方向,但原则上均受国家农业发展现状与政府政策导向影响。

Spatio-temporal features of scaling farmland and its corresponding driving mechanism in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The discussion on function transformation of agricultural utilization and its corresponding driving mechanism in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) can reflect the change of the relationship between people and environment in the transitional belt between central and western China, mountainous areas and reservoir area, and provide a scientific basis for the development of agricultural multi-function in typical mountainous areas. This paper, selected five counties from the hinterland of the TGRA as the study area, analyzed the change of scaling farmland and its corresponding mechanism by defining the concepts of "scaling farmland", with the aid of Arcgis10.2, SPSS, geodetectors and other technical means. Results show that the scaling farmland was mainly converted from cultivated land and shrubland. Apart from some land used for alpine off-season vegetables, the growth of scaling farmland generally occurred at low altitude, and was mainly found in the range with a slope of 30°. The spatial change of scaling farmland of different types was significantly different, which was closely related with road and township administrative center. At the patch level, natural factors such as elevation and slope contribute much to the scaling farmland. At the township level, the driving forces of socioeconomic and humanistic factors were attributed to road traffic, agricultural population density and so on. At the regional level, the influencing factors of each county were more significant than those of the study area. The change and development of scaling farmland was driven by many factors. But the agricultural policy had been one of the dominant factors. Behavior subjects at different levels would promote the scaling farmland development in different directions under the background of national agricultural development and policy implementation.