旅游废弃物的环境库兹涅茨效应分析——以黄山风景区为例

旅游废弃物的资源消耗性与环境吸纳性, 是其产生环境与生态影响的根本原因。文章以黄山风景区为例, 利用1979-2010 年的固态、液态、气态3 类6 种旅游废弃物的排放量指标的时间序列数据, 进行旅游废弃物的环境库兹涅茨曲线拟合检验及其效应分析。结果表明:(1) 固态与液态旅游废弃物的排放量与旅游发展之间具有环境库兹涅茨倒U型曲线关系, 而气态废弃物则不具有。(2) 固体废弃物排放量的倒U型曲线的转折点为4596.01 t, 液态的污水与粪便的转折点分别为731491.46 t, 15866.43 t, 转折点时间在2015 年。(3) 科技应用对改善景区空气质量的作用较大, 万元旅游收入的能耗每下降1%, SO₂、NO₂、PM₁₀ 值分别下降3.38%、4.25%、0.78%;环保规制对景区水体的质量控制作用明显, 污水达标排放率每提高1%, 地表水的COD值下降3.41%。(4) 旅游废弃物的排放不一定必然造成风景区环境质量的下降, 调整产业结构、加大科技应用与强化环保规制, 是控制旅游废弃物环境污染与生态影响的关键手段。

Analysis of Environmental Kuznets Effect of Tourism Waste: Case Study of Huangshan National Park

Tourism waste is by-product of resources consumption and digested by environment, which is the root causes for tourism waste generating environmental and ecological impact. There is a growing interest in tourism waste and it is a new frontier in the field of tourism geography. This paper puts forward and selects six variable indicators, namely tourism solid waste, wastewater, excrement, SO₂, NOx and dust, which include three kinds (solid, liquid and gas) of tourism waste and express the quality of the environment, and chooses per capita tourism income to express the development of tourism economy. The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between the environmental quality indicators and per capita tourism income. It, taking the Huangshan National Park as an example, uses the time series data from 1979 to 2010, and tests the environmental Kuznets curve fitting of tourism waste. Four conclusions can be summarized. (1) There is environmental Kuznets inverted U-shaped relationship between the solid and liquid tourism waste emissions and tourism development, but not for the gaseous tourism waste. (2) The turning point of the inverted U-shaped curve of solid waste emissions is 4596.01 t, wastewater emissions is 731491.46 t, and excrement emissions is 15866.43t, with the turning year of 2015. (3) Application of technology plays a larger role in the improvement of ambient air quality in the scenic spot. When energy consumption decreased by 1% per ten thousand yuan, variable values of SO₂, NO₂ and PM₁₀ would decrease by 3.38%, 4.25% and 0.78%, respectively. Environmental regulation has significant effect on the quality control of the scenic surface water. The rate of wastewater discharge standards increased by 1% as the COD value of the surface water decreased by 3.41%. (4) Tourism waste emissions do not inevitably lead to the decline of the scenic environmental quality, thus restructuring the tourism industry, increasing scientific and technological applications and to strengthen environmental regulation are key means to control environmental pollution and ecological impact of tourism wastes.