中国城市群紧凑度的综合测度分析

城市群紧凑度是指在城市群形成与发育过程中，所体现出的城市（城镇）、产业、资源、资金、交通、技术、人才等物质实体按照一定的经济技术联系在空间上的集中程度，包括城市群产业紧凑度、城市群空间紧凑度和城市群交通紧凑度等类型。适度的紧凑度是城市群综合效益最大化的集中体现．城市群紧凑度过高、过低都不利于城市群的健康发展。从产业、空间和交通三大视角入手．通过构建城市群紧凑度的综合测度模型．对选取的23个城市群紧凑程度进行分析后认为．中国城市群紧凑度总体不高．且空间差异性大，根据这种差异，采用聚类分析法可将中国城市群综合紧凑度划分为高度紧凑、紧凑、中度紧凑、低度紧凑和不紧凑（分散）5个等级。城市群综合紧凑度呈现出由东向西、由南向北逐渐降低的分异态势。城市群综合紧凑度与城市群发育程度呈现出高度的正相关性。如何科学调控城市群紧凑程度，紧凑程度达到一种什么样的标准才是最佳选择．这是本文研究中试图回答的问题。该研究为我国城市群的形成与发育．为建设资源节约型城市群、环境友好型城市群、生态型城市群和高效型城市群提供定量的决策依据．为推动我国城市群的适度集聚和健康发展奠定科学基础。

Researches on Comprehensive Measurement of Compactness of Urban Agglomerations in China

Urban agglomeration compactness indicates physical entities, such as city (town), industries, resources, funds, traffic, technologies, whose spatial concentration degree according to specified economic and technologic association in the process of urban agglomerations' form and development, include urban agglomeration industry compactness, urban agglomeration spatial compactness and urban agglomeration traffic compactness.An appropriate compactness reflects the maximum urban agglomerations' efficiency, over-high and over-low compactness are harmful to the healthy development of urban agglomeration.From the viewpoint of industry, space and traffic, this paper constructs synthetic measurement models and synthetically analyzes 23 urban agglomerations' compactness;finds out that urban agglomeration compactness is not high in totality and compactness's spatial discrepancy is great in China.According to the discrepancy and the clustering analysis method, this article classifies urban agglomeration compactness into five grades, highly compact, compact, medium compact, lower compact and dispersed.Urban agglomeration synthetic compactness appears a discrepancy tendency of gradually decreasing from east to west, from south to north.There is highly positive correlation between urban agglomeration synthetic compactness and urban agglomeration development degree.How to scientifically control compactness and which compactness criterion is the optimum choice are the question that this article always painfully ponders on and tries to reply to.The research will provide quantitative policy decision basis for urban agglomerations' form and development, constructing conservation-oriented, environmental-friendly, ecologic and high-efficiency urban agglomerations, establishing scientific basis for promoting the appropriate concentration and healthy development of urban agglomeration in China.