世博建设期上海市旅游住宿产业空间格局演化

采用定性与定量相结合的方法, 借助GIS空间分析手段, 研究世博建设期上海市旅游住宿产业空间格局演化特征, 探索大都市住宿产业空间格局形成与演化机制。研究发现:① 世博建设初期, 上海市住宿产业呈现“两中心集聚、沿一轴线梯度向外分布”的初始格局;到世博举办时形成“多中心集聚、多轴线梯度分布”的总体格局。② 世博建设期, 住宿产业空间布局逐渐从内环线向外环线扩散, 主要集聚中心由两个演化成多个, 空间上呈现3 个显著的演化方向, 即城市西北方向、浦东方向和沿黄浦江两岸由中心地区向两端延伸的发展方向。③ 世博建设期, 上海旅游住宿产业发展速度先低后高, 星级饭店呈现高集聚-高集聚的发展特征;经济饭店呈现低集聚-高集聚的发展特征。④ 世博会对上海住宿产业布局影响显著, 形成了以世博园区为中心的产业集聚中心与密集分布区, 相对而言, 世博会对经济型饭店产业影响强度高于星级饭店。⑤ 总体上, 住宿产业空间格局形成演化与城市发展格局、城市功能结构演化相一致, 政治、经济、重大事件以及发展环境、企业个体等各种要素, 通过互相影响的综合作用机制有效地推动了住宿产业在城市地理空间上的集聚与扩散相结合的时空格局演化。⑥ 上海世博会通过政府政策、对城市发展的综合影响、巨大的经济效应以及后世博开发等诸多要素的综合作用, 共同影响住宿产业空间格局演化的方向与速度。本研究为重大事件影响背景下的住宿产业体系建设布局以及大都市旅游产业规划提供科学依据和理论基础。

Spatial Pattern Evolution of Shanghai Tourist Lodging Industry during the World Expo Construction Period

Taking the lodging industry as an example, the paper integrates qualitative and quantitative methods and the spatial analysis method of GIS to study the space pattern evolution characteristics of the lodging industry and explores the formation and the evolution mechanism of the lodging industry in the metropolitan city. The results are shown as follows. (1) During the early period of the World Expo construction, Shanghai’s lodging industry presented an initial pattern of "two-center agglomeration, along the axis of the distribution to a gradient" while a general pattern of "multicenter agglomeration, many axes gradient distribution" when the Expo was being held. (2) During the Expo construction period, the overall space layout of the lodging industry spread gradually from the inner ring road to the outer ring road, and the main cluster center evolved from two centers to multiple centers with three prominent evolutionary directions in space, namely, the northwest of the city, Pudong direction and the development direction from the central area to the peripheral area along both sides of the Huangpu River. (3) During the Expo construction period, Shanghai’s lodging industry developed quickly and presented an overall agglomeration layout, the star hotels are characterized by high concentration-high concentration development, and the economy hotels are featured by low concentration-high concentration development. (4) The 2010 World Expo exerted a distinct influence on Shanghai’s lodging industry and formed an intensive industrial cluster center and concentrated distribution site centering on Expo garden. Comparatively, the influence of the Expo on economy hotels was stronger than on star hotels. (5) In general, the spatial pattern of formation and evolution of the lodging industry corresponded with the urban spatial development pattern and the urban function structure evolution. Various elements, such as the politics, economy, mega events, the development environment, and the business entity, promote the agglomeration and decentralization of the urban lodging industry effectively through mutually influenced comprehensive mechanism. (6) Together with the government policy, the comprehensive effect of the city development, the great economic effect, the post-Expo development, the overall development of the Expo garden, the 2010 Shanghai World Expo influences the direction and speed of the spatial pattern evolution of the urban lodging industry. The study provides scientific foundation and theoretical basis for the construction distribution of lodging industry system and metropolitan tourism industry planning in the context of the mega event.