场地土壤污染物含量三维刻画的研究进展

污染场地精准修复与再开发利用是改善人居环境、建设美丽中国所面临的重要课题。场地土壤污染物含量三维刻画是精准修复与再开发利用的基础。然而,场地环境是一个耦合地上地下多要素的复杂三维系统,使得基于离散稀疏土壤钻井样点和空间统计推断模型的场地土壤污染物含量刻画结果存在着较大的不确定性。本文梳理了场地土壤污染物含量三维精细刻画的目的和钻井布设方式、常用的三维刻画模型和相关案例,分析了土壤钻井数据的“稀疏偏性”特征对刻画结果的影响,总结了“非平稳浓度场”条件下三维土壤污染物含量插值模型的研究现状和存在问题。在此基础上,从多情景、非平稳、非线性、多源数据融合、多类模型耦合和复合污染刻画6个方面,展望了场地地下“黑箱”环境土壤污染物含量精细刻画的研究趋势。

Research progress of three-dimensional delineation of soil pollutants at contaminated sites

The precision remediation and redevelopment of contaminated sites are crucial for improving the living environment and constructing a beautiful China. Three-dimensional delineation of soil pollutants at contaminated sites is the basis and prerequisite for precise remediation and redevelopment. However, a contaminated site is a three-dimensional complex system coupling multiple spatial elements above- and under-ground. The complexity incurs significant uncertainties about the three-dimensional delineation of soil pollutants calculated by sparse borehole data and spatial statistical and inference models. In this study, we first systematically reviewed the objectives of three-dimensional delineation of fine soil pollutants, the sampling strategies for soil drilling, the commonly used models for delineating soil pollutants, and the relevant cases on applying these models at contaminated sites. We then summarized the effects of soil borehole data and three-dimensional models on the soil pollutants' delineation results from sparse skewed characteristics and non-stationary conditions, respectively. The present research status and related issues on correcting sparse skewed characteristics and non-stationary conditions were analyzed. Finally, based on the problems and challenges, we proposed the three-dimensional delineation of soil pollutants in the underground "black box" for future research from the following six priority areas: multi-scenarios, non-stationarity, non-linearity, multi-source data fusion, multiple model coupling, and the delineation of co-contaminated sites.