西南地区传统村落区域保护水平评价及影响因素

本文在理论层面构建传统村落保护研究模型,并以西南地区为例,分析宏观视角下传统村落区域保护水平及影响因素。结论显示：① 传统村落保护研究模型涵盖评价体系和影响因素两个子模型。评价体系模型包含从宏观到微观的传统村落时空分布、整体保护水平和单一属性3个层次,其中整体保护水平分为宏观区域和微观社区两个亚层,保存率和分布密度是评价区域保护水平的简易方法;影响因素模型包含基于时间、空间和类型划分的两类基本分析模型。② 西南地区传统村落区域保护水平呈现显著空间分异,在行政区划边界地区形成5个热点集聚区,丽江市传统村落保存率最高,黔东南州分布密度最高。③ 影响西南地区传统村落宏观保护水平的地理区位因素为海拔、水系、中心城市和交通干道。经济社会因素中,非遗规模是最重要的影响因素,人口密度、经济发展、交通建设、交通流动和非遗规模的相关系数存在显著空间分异,城镇化率、产业结构对于区域保护水平无显著影响。本文是对传统村落保护理论体系由个案向整体、由微观向宏观、由零散向系统、由单一向多元方法的推进,具有重要理论和实践价值。

Evaluation and influencing factors of regional protection level of traditional villages in Southwest China

This study constructs a conceptual research framework for the protection of traditional villages,and focuses on the macro perspective of regional protection level and its influencing factors with geographic analysis techniques.The conclusions can be drawn as follows:(1) The conceptual research framework includes models of evaluation system and influencing factors.The evaluation system model includes three levels from macro to micro,namely,the spatial and temporal distribution,the overall protection level,and the single attribute.The evaluation of overall protection level is divided into the macroscopic regional protection and the microscopic community protection.Retention rates and distribution densities are the two important dimensions to evaluate the level of regional protection.The influencing factors model includes two types of basic analysis based on time,space,and the classification.(2) The regional protection levels of traditional villages in Southwest China show significant spatial differences,and five hotspots are formed in the boundary area of administrative divisions.(3) The geographical factors that affect the regional protection level of traditional villages in Southwest China are terrain,river system,central city,and arterial roads.Among the economic and social factors,the scale of intangible cultural heritage is the most important one.There are significant spatial differences in the correlation coefficients of population density,economic development,traffic construction,traffic flow,and the scale of intangible cultural heritage.Urbanization rate and industrial structure have no significant influence on the regional protection level.This research enriches the theoretical system for the protection of traditional villages from individual cases to an integrated study,from micro to macro,from scattered to systematic,from single to multiple methods,which has important theoretical and practical value.