论土地利用转型的研究框架

当前,土地变化研究尚缺乏统一的理论指导。探索土地利用转型理论对构建土地变化研究的理论基础具有重要意义。本文试图梳理土地利用转型研究的缘起、拓展及启示,辨析土地利用转型与土地利用变化的内涵差异,构建土地利用转型的研究框架。结果表明：① 耕地及城乡建设用地利用转型研究对构建土地利用转型的研究框架具有重要价值;② 土地利用转型与土地利用变化在基本类型、时间尺度、空间尺度、价值主体、驱动因素、轨迹特征和结果/影响方面存在显著差异;③ 土地利用转型的研究框架涵盖转型诊断、机制研究和效应研究。其中,转型诊断的关键在于,从数量变化视角、景观格局变化视角和经营格局变化视角,以及外部性视角和政策发展视角,构建土地利用空间形态及功能形态的分析指标和转型的诊断准则;转型机制表现为人口、经济、技术、制度、文化和区位因素等土地利用变化深层驱动因素的级联驱动效应。转型机制研究应当着重探讨土地利用空间转型与功能转型的互动机制环;土地利用转型效应包括社会、经济、环境3个方面;④ 1961-2011年法国耕地利用转型能够支撑本文提出的研究框架及中国耕地保护创新。

Discussion on land use transition research framework

Land change has been a hot topic in geographical research. The overarching and convincing theories of land change science, however, have not emerged. Establishment of land use transition theory is of significance for the theory basis of land change science. This paper attempts to establish a research framework of land use transition based on summarizing the development and implications of land use transition research and clarifying the differences between land use transition and land use change. Results show that transition research of artificial ecosystems, such as cultivated land, rural housing land and urban land, is of significance. Land use transition is distinguished from land use change on several aspects, such as fundamental types, temporal scale, spatial scale, agents, driving forces, trajectory, and results or effects. Research framework of land use transition covers transition diagnosis, mechanism research and effects research. Key issues of transition diagnosis are the establishment of measuring indices and diagnosis principles of land use spatial and functional morphologies from the perspectives of quantity change, landscape pattern change and management pattern change, and of land use externality and land use policy development. Mechanism of land use transition behaves as cascading effects of underlying driving factors of land use change, including demographic, economic, technological, institutional, cultural, and location factors. Mechanism research should place emphasis on interaction between land use spatial transition and functional transition. Effects of land use transition covers at least 17 themes relating to social, economic and environmental dimensions. Cultivated land use transition in France in 1961-2011 confirms the research framework of land use transition and is beneficial to the innovation of cultivated land protection in China.