2008年以来地图学眼动与视觉认知研究新进展

地图是人类日常生活中不可或缺的工具。地图认知作为研究人对地图的感知、学习、记忆、推理和决策的科学,一直以来是地图学基础理论的重要内容。作为地图认知研究的核心,近年来地图视觉认知在相关学科（如心理学、认知科学和计算机视觉）和新的研究手段（如眼动跟踪、脑电和核磁）的促进下取得了一系列新的研究成果。尤其是眼动跟踪方法作为地图视觉认知研究的重要手段之一,越来越受到研究者的关注,为地图视觉认知研究的定量化、实用化提供了有力支撑。本文系统地梳理了2008年以来眼动跟踪方法在地图视觉认知研究中取得的新进展,并将其归纳为6个发展趋势,分别包括：① 刺激材料：从静态地图到动态交互地图;② 研究范围：从地图认知到地图空间认知;③ 实验环境：从实验室环境到真实环境;④ 地图维度：从二维地图到三维地图;⑤ 个体差异：从单一维度到多维度;⑥ 研究目的：从规律探究到实践应用。本文最后总结了未来研究面临的挑战、难点和可能的解决方法,期望能在地图视觉认知研究中起到抛砖引玉的作用。

New research progress of eye tracking-based map cognition in cartography since 2008

Maps are a necessity in people's lives. Map cognition research, a science of investigating perception, learning, memory, reasoning and decision making of maps, has long been an important issue in the foundation of cartography. As a core part of map cognition research, studies on visual cognition of maps have made a series of achievements promoted by advancements of related fields (e.g., psychology, cognitive science and computer vision) and new techniques (e.g., eye tracking, EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging). Particularly, eye tracking approach has gained much attention, which has been used as a crucial method to investigate map cognition. This paper reviews the new progress of eye tracking based visual cognition of maps which have been made since 2008. We summarized these progresses in six aspects: (1) stimulus: from static maps to dynamic and interactive maps; (2) research extent: from map cognition to map-based spatial cognition; (3) experiment environment: from lab environment to real environment; (4) map dimension: from 2D to 3D; (5) individual differences: from single dimension to multiple dimensions; (6) research purpose: from theory exploration to application. We also summarized future research challenges, difficulties and possible solutions. We hope this review can serve as an initial effort to open more endeavor for future eye tracking investigations into map cognition.