库姆塔格沙漠植物区系组成及地理成分

运用植物学及植物地理学方法,结合实地植被调查,对库姆塔格沙漠植物区系组成、地理成分、生活型及分布特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：库姆塔格沙漠区属于典型的荒漠植物区系,共有种子植物22科69属109种,其中被子植物占总数的98.13%。单种科、寡种科和单种属、寡种属是库姆塔格沙漠植物区系的主体,是植物区系复杂性及物种多样性的主要来源,寡种属优势明显。中型科属和较大科属虽不占主体,但却往往是构成植物群落的建群种或植物区系的代表成分,对植物区系的构成及植被的分布格局都有很大的影响。植物区系地理成分多样,温带分布和地中海分布是本区系地理成分的主要组成部分,区域植物具有典型的温带特征。受地形地貌、气候环境的影响,区域植被分布随地貌变化呈现出不同的分布格局,具有非地带性差异特征。库姆塔格沙漠草本植物占数量优势,木本植物以灌木为主,木本植物对区域环境影响作用较为明显。库姆塔格沙漠区植物地理成分及分布特征也说明气候、环境条件,植物种的生态幅度及其对环境的适应能力对植物地理分布的决定性影响。

Composition and Geographical Elements of the Flora in Kumtag Desert

The local flora structure, plant ecotype and the distribution characteristics of plant on Kumtag desert were studied based on vegetable survey and by applying the methods of botany and phytogeography. The results show that the local plant belongs to the representative desert flora and has higher similarity compared with nationwide desert plant. The single-species family, few-species family, the single-species genera and few-species genera are the main part of the local flora, and were the main source of flora complexity and species diversity as the local widely distributed species. The dominance of the few-species genera was evident. In most cases, though the bigger species family and genera as the dominant species of local plant community and the representative components are not the main part, they have an important influence to the structure of flora and vegetable composition. The geographic element of the flora was of multiplicity and the Temperate element and Mediterranean element were the main part of local flora; the temperate element characteristics were the typical features of local flora. Affected by special terrain and climatic change,the distribution of vegetation appears a different distribution patterns and non-zonal characteristics. The herbaceous plant had the numerical advantage. The shrubs as the main part of the woody plant had obviously effect on regional environmental. The analysis of floristic geographical element and distribution characteristic on Kumtag desert also indicated that the climate and environmental condition, the ecological amplitude and the adaptive capacity of the plant had the determinative influence to the floristic geography distribution.