青藏铁路沿线不同类型挡沙墙阻沙率

基于风洞试验对青藏铁路沿线不同类型防沙措施防沙效果进行模拟研究，探讨了不同类型挡沙墙的防沙效果。结果表明：挂板式、轨枕式和箱式挡沙墙输沙率随高度基本呈递增缓变型趋势，最大输沙率低于20%；铃铛式和高立式聚乙烯（PE）网挡沙墙随高度呈递减陡降型趋势，距地表6~8 cm处为转折点，转折点以上输沙率随高度增大急剧减小，转折点以下输沙率随高度变化较为平缓，最大输沙率低于50%。随着风速的增大，各挡沙墙的阻沙率呈递减趋势：挂板式和轨枕式挡沙墙对风速的敏感性最弱，整体阻沙效果较优，可大范围推广；箱式挡沙墙对风速的敏感性较弱，建议在风速18 m·s^-1以下的地区使用；PE网挡沙墙防沙效果对风速的敏感性最强，建议在风速10 m·s^-1以下的地区使用。

Sand resistance rate of retaining wall along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Based on wind tunnel test, the amount of sediment transport before and after different types of retaining walls along Qinghai-Tibet Railway was simulated, and the effect of different types of retaining walls on sand control was discussed. The results show that with the increase of wind speed, the sand resistance rate of each sand retaining wall shows a decreasing trend; the slab-type and concrete-type have the worst sensitivity to wind speed, the best sand control effect and the widest application range. Box type sand retaining wall has poor sensitivity to wind speed. It is recommended to be used in areas with wind speed below 18 m·s^-1. PE-mesh-type has the strongest sensitivity to wind speed. It is recommended to be used in areas with wind speed below 10 m·s^-1. The slab-type, concrete-type and box-type sand retaining wall basically show an increasing trend with the height of the sediment transport rate, the curve is a slow variation, the maximum sediment transport rate is below 20%; bell-type sand retaining wall and PE-mesh-type show a decreasing trend with the height, and the curve is of a steep drop type, and the place 6-8 cm from the surface is the turning point. The sediment transport rate above the turning point decreases sharply with the increase of the height, while the sediment transport rate below the turning point changes gently with the height, and the maximum sediment transport rate is below 50%.