塔克拉玛干地区气候变化对全球变暖的响应

从地面水汽压(大气含水量)、平均风速、湿润指数、相对湿度和气压的角度分析在全球变暖的情况下,塔克拉玛干地区气候的年和季节变化特征,结果表明:①年和四季平均风速呈阶梯式下降趋势,具有显著减小的线性趋势,并于1973年发生了由大到小的突变。②夏、秋、冬季和年地面水汽压(大气含水量)自20世纪80年代以来呈较大幅度波动式上升,具有显著的线性增加趋势。夏、秋季地面水汽压于1969年和1973年发生了由少到多的突变。秋、冬季大气含水量的显著增加并没有导致降水量的增加,降水量的变化不能充分反映大气含水量的变化。③夏季湿润指数有显著增加趋势,春季有微弱的上升趋势,而降水量夏季和年有显著增加趋势,春季有微弱的上升趋势,说明综合反映气候干湿变化的湿润指数变化与单用降水量表示的气候干湿变化不完全一致。④夏、秋季和年相对湿度呈波动式上升趋势,夏季和年相对湿度分别于1970年和1974年发生了由低到高的突变。⑤年和四季的平均气压40a来无变化。

Response of Climate Change in Taklimakan Desert Area to Global Warming

The reorganize observed data of atmospheric water vapor pressure,average wind speed,air pressure,precipitation,average temperature and relative humidity from 21 meteorological stations during 1961\_2000 were used to analyze the annual and seasonal climate change in Taklimakan desert area. The results are as follows: (1) Annual and seasonal average wind speed presented ladder\|type descending trend, on which there was a abrupt jump from high to low at 1973. (2) The atmospheric water vapor pressure in summer, autumn, winter and a year fluctuated upward on large scale since 1980s; summer and autumn water vapor pressure respectively had a jump from low to high at 1969 and 1973. The obvious increase of autumn and winter water vapor pressure had not brought about the increasing of precipitation, that is precipitation change can not fully figure out the change of air water content. (3) Humidity index had obvious increasing in summer and unobvious increasing in spring; meantime, precipitation obviously went up in summer and year, unobviously in spring. It showed that the climate change reflected by humidity index did not agree to the change reflected by only precipitation. (4) Relative humidity in summer,autumn and year went up in wave pattern,and the relative humidity of summer and year separately occurred jump from low to high at 1970 and 1974. (5) Annual and seasonal pressure did not change in recent 40 years.