和田绿洲景观破碎化特征及驱动因素

景观破碎化改变着区域景观结构的完整性和系统的连通性，对景观的稳定性和可持续发展具有重要影响。选取新疆和田绿洲为研究区，以1970年新疆考察数据与MSS影像，1990、2000、2013、2018年4期Landsat TM/ETM+同月相数据为主要数据源，采用景观指数法、移动窗口法、梯度分析及归因分析等方法开展绿洲景观破碎化的时空格局变化及驱动因素的研究。结果表明：近50年来，景观分裂指数（DIVISION）由0.94减少到0.89，香浓多样性指数（SHDI）从1.44减少到1.28，绿洲景观破碎化整体呈现减缓趋势。其中，城市景观破碎化程度最低，沿破碎化梯度从城市中心向外围呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。此外，景观破碎化程度与农业的发展呈倒“U”型函数关系，当农业扩张在绿洲面积的40%—50%时，景观破碎化程度达到峰值。人口增长，农业扩张与社会经济发展共同影响着绿洲破碎化的时空格局。本研究不仅为干旱区绿洲景观破碎化格局的空间变化分析及驱动因素研究提供科学依据，也对绿洲生态景观的规划与可持续管理具有重要的意义。

Analysis of spatial and temporal pattern changes and driving factors of Hotan Oasis

Landscape fragmentation changes the integrity of the regional landscape structure and the connectivity of the system， and has an important impact on the stability and sustainable development of the landscape. This paper selects Xinjiang Hotan Oasis as the research area， uses Xinjiang survey data and MSS images in 1970， and the four phases of Landsat TM /ETM+ data in 1990， 2000， 2013， and 2018 as the main data sources. The landscape index method， moving window method， Gradient analysis and attribution analysis methods to carry out research on the temporal and spatial pattern changes and driving factors of oasis landscape fragmentation， the landscape index method， moving window method， gradient analysis and attribution analysis were adopted Research on the temporal and spatial pattern changes and driving factors of oasis landscape fragmentation. The results show that in the past 50 years， the DIVISION index （DIVISION） has decreased from 0.94 to 0.89， and the Shannon diversity index （SHDI） has decreased from 1.44 to 1.28. The fragmentation of the oasis landscape has shown a slowing trend overall.， using landscape index method， moving window method， gradient analysis and Attribution analysis and other methods are used to study the temporal and spatial pattern changes and driving factors of oasis landscape fragmentation. The results show that in the past 50 years， the landscape fragmentation index has decreased from 0.94 to 0.89， and the Shannon diversity index has decreased from 1.44 to 1.28. The fragmentation of the oasis landscape has shown a slowing trend overall. Among them， the urban landscape has the lowest degree of fragmentation， showing a trend of first rising and then falling along the fragmentation gradient from the city center to the periphery. In addition， the degree of landscape fragmentation has an inverted U-shaped function relationship with the development of agriculture. When the agricultural expansion is 40%-50% of the oasis area， the degree of landscape fragmentation reaches its peak. Population growth， agricultural expansion， and socio-economic development jointly affect the temporal and spatial patterns of oasis fragmentation. This research not only provides a scientific basis for the analysis of the spatial change of the fragmentation pattern of the arid oasis landscape and the study of driving factors， but also has important significance for the planning and sustainable management of the oasis ecological landscape.