2021年3月中旬东亚中部沙尘天气地面起尘量及源区贡献率估算

2021年3月中旬，东亚中部包括中国北方大部分地区，爆发了持续性的沙尘天气，引发了人们对于沙尘源区、防风固沙生态建设工程效益的高度关注。提出了一个新的地表起尘量估算方法，使用高精度、大范围的气象数据，计算了这次沙尘天气的地面起沙条件、大风过程中的输沙状况，估算了不同时刻的起尘量，获得了14、15日蒙古和中国北方荒漠地区的起尘贡献率。结果表明：相比过去10年，中国北方总体不容易起尘，而蒙古中东部的荒漠地区由于增温显著、降水减少，更容易扬尘；3月15日覆盖中国北方的强沙尘暴，有75%的沙尘是由于14日在蒙古的起尘，随后16、17日更大范围的沙尘天气，有84%是15日起源于中国北方和西北。两日境内外的起尘总量基本相同。

Estimation on the dust lift amount and source contribution of the heavy dust weather in mid-March 2021 over Central East Asia

In the middle of March 2021， a persistent dust weather broke out in central East Asia including most parts of northern China， which aroused people's high attention to the dust source area and the benefit of the ecological construction project. Using high precision and large range of meteorological data， this paper calculated the dust driving conditions on the ground and the sand transport conditions during the strong wind process， and estimated the dust lift amounts at different hours. Then， the dust contribution rates of Mongolia and northern China were obtained for the days of 14th and 15th. The results show that， compared with the past ten years， northern China is not prone to emit dust， while desert areas in central and eastern Mongolia tend to rise more dust due to significant temperature increase and decreased precipitation. It shows that 75% of the dust in the strong dust storm in Beijing on March 15 was raised on the 14th in Mongolia， while 84% of the dust in the followed larger storm on the 16th and 17th was raised from North and Northwest China on the 15th. The total dust amounts inside and outside the border are basically the same.