基于GIS的陕西省干旱灾害风险评估及区划

在分析陕西省干旱灾害气候背景和社会经济环境的基础上，结合灾害学相关理论，从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境脆弱性、承灾体暴露性、防灾减灾能力4个子系统选取指标，建立干旱灾害风险评估模型。依据陕西省气象、生态和社会经济数据，运用GIS空间数据分析功能将干旱的自然和社会属性统一起来进行干旱灾害风险评估及区划。结果表明：（1）致灾因子危险性等级具有自北向南递减趋势，危险性等级最高的是榆林，其次是延安、铜川、宝鸡、咸阳、杨凌区、渭南、西安、商洛、安康和汉中。（2）孕灾环境脆弱性呈自北向南依次递减的分布趋势。脆弱性由强到弱分别是榆林、延安、铜川、宝鸡、西安、渭南、咸阳、杨凌区、商洛、安康和汉中。（3）承灾体暴露性由高到低依次是榆林、关中中部、渭南、咸阳、宝鸡、铜川、商洛、安康和汉中。（4）防灾减灾能力大小依次是榆林、关中地区、延安、汉中、安康、商洛。（5）干旱灾害风险等级自北向南呈逐渐降低趋势。干旱灾害风险由高到低依次为榆林、延安、铜川、宝鸡、渭南、西安、咸阳、杨凌区、商洛、安康和汉中。

Assessment and Regionalization of Drought Disaster Risk in Shaanxi Province Based on GIS

In order to understand the actual situation of drought disaster risk in Shaanxi Province in a more comprehensive way, on the basis of the climatic background and social economic environment of drought disaster in Shaanxi, and combining with the related theory of natural disaster, we established the risk assessment model of drought disaster with the four assessment index subsystems containing the dangerousness of disaster risk, the vulnerability of the disaster environment, the exposure of the disaster bearing body, and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction; Based on the meteorological, ecological and social economic data of Shanxi Province, the assessment and regionalization of drought disaster risk in Shaanxi Province were carried out by using the GIS spatial data analysis. The results shows that:(1)The risk level of the disaster factor decreases from north to south, the highest hazard rank is in Yulin, followed by Yan'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Xianyang, Yangling, Weinan, Xi'an, Shangluo, Ankang and Hanzhong. (2)The vulnerability of disaster environment also decreases from north to south. The size of vulnerability respectively is Yulin, Yan'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Xi'an, Weinan, Xianyang, Yangling. (3)The exposure of disaster-bearing body of drought disaster is the highest in Yulin, followed by middle Guanzhong Area, Weinan, Xianyang, Baoji, Tongchuan Shangluo, Ankang and Hanzhong. (4)The disaster prevention and reduction capability from large to small is Yulin, Guanzhong Area, Yan'an, Hanzhong, Ankang, Shangluo; (5)The comprehensive risk level of drought disaster in Shaanxi Province gradually decreases from north to south. Drought risk from high to low respectively is Yulin, Yan'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Weinan, Xi'an, Xianyang, Yangling, Shangluo, Ankang and Hanzhong.