干旱半干旱地区土壤微生物结皮的生态学意义及若干研究进展

土壤微生物结皮广泛存在于干旱半干旱地区，且具有重要的生态学意义。文章对微生物结皮的形成、发育过程的特点，以及它对微生境的影响，包括对土壤理化性质、风蚀水蚀的抗性、土壤水分时空分布特点、养分及微量元素地球生物化学循环等土壤学过程和对植被的影响与作用等方面的国内外研究进展进行了综述，并对一些有争议研究结论进行了分析；探讨了土壤微生物结皮在中国干旱沙漠地区生态恢复中的地位及作用。

Advances in Microbiotic Soil Crust Research and Its Ecological Significance in Arid and Semiarid Regions

Soil microbiotic crust is developed broadly and has an ecological significance in arid and semiarid regions. This paper reviewed the advances of domestic and overseas studies, which on characteristics of the formation and development of microbiotic crust, its effects on microhabitat, including physical and chemical properties of soil, endurance to wind and water erosion, the distribution of precipitation in spatial and time, nutrient and chemical elements variance in soil process and geo\|bio\|chemical cycling process, and influence on vegetation dynamics. In addition, the several contradictory research conclusions were synthetical analyzed. The role and function of microbiotic crust in ecological restoration of arid and semiarid regions of China were discussed.