我国沙漠化研究的若干问题--2. 沙漠化的研究内容

我国开展沙漠化的研究与防治已有半个世纪,但沙漠化土地一直在加速扩展,目前仍然处于“局部治理,整体恶化”的严峻态势,其重要的原因之一,就是未能在认识沙漠化关键科学问题的基础上,建立比较完善的沙漠化科学的基本理论体系来指导防治实践。沙漠化过程研究与防治实践中许多科学问题的解决,是需要以沙漠化科学为主的多学科交叉与综合集成的研究。作者就我国沙漠化学科的主要研究内容开展讨论,认为沙漠化研究应以人—地关系为主线,在时间序列上,将沙漠化环境背景的形成演化、沙漠化与沙尘暴的现代过程及其在全球变化格局下的发展趋势的研究系统化,以揭示沙漠化的形成与演变;在空间结构上,将沙漠化地区的生态环境退化过程与区外乃至全球的大气环流格局视为统一的环境动力系统进行研究,以揭示沙漠化与沙尘暴的空间分异及其对环境和社会经济的影响。通过定量认识人类活动和自然因素影响下研究沙漠化的演变规律及其调控的理论依据和技术途径,为沙漠化防治提供科学基础。据此,提出沙漠化的主要研究内容为：沙漠化过程的自然与人文背景研究、沙漠化(沙尘暴)动力学过程及其调控、沙漠化的生物学过程与植被恢复重建机理和沙漠化综合防治战略与模式。

Study on Sandy Desertification in China-2. Contents of Desertification Research

Although almost half a century for desertification research and control has elapsed, the desertified land in China has been expanding all the time, and the present arduous status of desertification is \!controlled in local but worsen in whole\". One of the important reasons is the lack of perfect basic theoretical system on desertification sciences that is used to direct the controlling practice based on knowledge about the key scientific problems of desertification. As long as multi\|disciplinary and integrated researches predominated by desertification sciences are conducted, the many scientific problems in desertification processes study and controlling practice can be solved. The author carried out discussion against the main research contents of desertification subject in China, and thought that desertification research should be stuck to the man\|land subject. In temporal series, for opening out the causes of desertification and the driving forces of its evolution it is necessary to systematically study the formation and evolution of desertification environmental background, the modern process of desertification and sandstorm as well as their developing trend under the global change pattern. In spatial configuration, for investigating into the spatial differentiation of desertification and sandstorm as well as their disadvantageous effects on environment and social economy it is also necessary in study to take the local eco\|environmental degradation processes of desertification regions and the middle scale or even the global atmospheric current as an unitive environmental dynamic system. In order to provide the scientific base for desertification prevention and control it should be quantitatively studied the desertification evolution law under natural and man\|made influences, as well as the controlling theoretical dependence and technical approaches. Hereby, it was suggested that the main contents of desertification research include the followings: the natural and the anthropogenic backgrounds of desertification processes, the dynamic process and its control of desertification or sandstorm, the biological process of desertification and the mechanism of vegetation reestablishment, the strategy and the mode of integrated desertification control.