石羊河下游民勤绿洲生态安全时空变化分析

以生态安全面临着严重威胁的干旱区民勤绿洲为例，应用GIS、RS技术，从绿洲耕地风蚀潜在危险性、水资源利用与空间分布、作物安全生长格局与绿洲防护体系变化四个方面，对该绿洲近14a间生态安全状况进行了系统分析。研究结果表明：绿洲土壤风蚀潜在危险性逐年增大。地下水埋深持续下降，5～20m的地下水埋深区域面积比例由1987年的39．6％上升到2001年的62．1％。地下水矿化度在绿洲的北部表现为上升的发展趋势。作物安全生长格局变化显示春小麦与棉花的安全生长面积由1987年占绿洲总面积的63．8％和91．5％下降到2001年的56．2％和71．3％。由林地与荒草地组成的绿洲防护体系逐年被破坏。地表水资源的逐年减少是绿洲生态安全状况不断下降的主导因素，而人类不断扩大耕地面积，以及毁林、毁草开荒等行为进一步加剧了生态环境的恶化，使绿洲生态安全水平逐年减低。

Change of Ecological Security of Minqin Oasis in Shiyanghe River Basin

The temporal characteristics of sandstorm in recent 50 years have been systemically analyzed based on the \{1 436\} times of sandstorm data observed by Minqin meteorological bureau in this period. According to mechanism of sandstorm-occurring and being linked with other meteorological factors in this area, the relationship between sandstorm and influencing factors has been primarily confirmed. Whether on the times or on the retaining interval of sandstorm-occurring, the general trend of sandstorm-occurring is decreasing, and sandstorms mostly focused on the period from March to April in a year. The research results would supply theoretic gist for controlling sand calamities and rehabilitating ecology of this region.