地形对山地森林景观格局多尺度效应

以TM影像和野外调查为数据源,3S技术为研究手段,分析了泰山的森林景观结构、景观异质性动态变化以及景观格局高程的分异。选择相对高差较大的区域设计了8个地形方位,采用3种由连续样方组成的辐射状样带,在遥感影像上进行信息采集,研究地形对森林景观格局的多尺度效应。分析了10个地形因子对森林景观分异的影响。结果表明:1.在景观尺度上,地形方位、海拔、山地类型是影响森林景观镶嵌格局的控制因素,坡向、坡度是重要因素,坡形、坡位是不明显因素;2.以TM影像为信息源,从森林景观分异和梯度分析上,首先要考虑海拔坡向指数、坡形坡位指数和海拔,并立足于地形方位;3.地形主要因子间存在着稳定的显著正相关,明显地对森林分异多尺度格局具有较强的综合解释能力,不论尺度大小对森林景观分异贡献率可稳定地达到70%左右,其解释量随尺度增大而增加,但可解释性减弱。

Analysis of the Multi-scale Effect of Topography on Forest Landscape Pattern of Mountains

Based on the Landsat-TM images and field survey data, the change of altitude variation of landscape diversity, landscape heterogeneity and landscape dynamics in Mountain Tai were studied with the aids of 3S techniques. Eight topographical factors were planned to define the topographical characteristics of middle-low mountain land, and three radiant transects consisting of standard sequential sampling plots were applied to collect information on remote sensing images. The influence of forest landscape differentiation and correlation of varied topographical parameters were analyzed upon ten topographical factors. The result revealed:(1) the topographical orientation (position), elevation and mountain land type were critical factors at the landscape lev.Slope exposure and gradient wereimportant factors.Slope shape and position were not significant .(2) At the analysis of gradient and forest landscape differentiation, The indices of elevation exposure, and slope shape and position, elevation were key elements . under the consideration of topographical position.(3)there were a significant positive correlation among those main topographical factorsand strong explanatory ability to forest landscape differentiation multi-scale pattern. The contributive ratio was about 70% at any scale. The explanatory percentage was increased with tie scale increasing, but explanatory ability decreased with scale increasing. It reveaved that the effect of topographical factors on forest landscape pattern and process was prominent, and scale effect remains an important problem to explore.