基于GIS的铁路地质灾害信息管理与预警预报系统

地质灾害对我国铁路建设及其正常运营所带来的负面影响日益显著,利用GIS技术对铁路地质灾害进行有效的管理与控制是减少灾害损失的一条重要途径。针对铁路地质灾害信息管理中数据的标准化、可视化、信息化和网络化的发展与要求,基于GIS技术构建的铁路地质灾害信息管理与预警预报系统实现了铁路地质灾害多源海量数据的统一存储与管理,集铁路灾害信息“数据采集-查询检索-预警预报-Web发布”功能于一体,具有较好的智能化与自动化能力。本文介绍了该系统的总体架构和功能特征,并详细讨论了系统实现中的三个关键问题:铁路地质灾害多源海量数据的采集与存储;铁路地质灾害分析评价与预警预报模型与GIS技术的耦合;铁路地质灾害信息Web发布系统的设计。该系统的最终实现及运行将对我国铁路部门减灾防灾产生重要的积极作用。

Management and Predication Information System of Geo-hazards for Railway based on GIS Technique

With the rapid development of the economy in China, Geo-hazards have bringing more and more damages to railway. It is one of the most important ways to reduce damages and prevention and cure Geo-hazards to use GIS technique. For the standardization, visualization and informatization of data management of Geo-hazards, and based on the author's studies, an information system of Geo-hazards for railway has been developed from MAPGIS. The paper introduces the train of system design, the structure and functions. The system, which offers an integrative, intelligent and standardized platform to administrators and engineers, has following components: 1) an information management system of Geo-hazards on the basis of GIS; 2) an assessment and predication system of Geo-hazards which integrated with GIS software; 3) an information broadcast system of Geo-hazards for railway on the basis of WebGIS technology, which can realize the promulgation of Geo-hazards information and map through World Wide Web. The system has a N-tier constitution consisting of client layer, intermediate layer and database layer. The system can be divided into six modules and all modules combine together to an integrated system. For the characteristics and requirement of Geo-hazards information for railway, the paper further discusses several key problems met in the carrying out of the system, such as data acquisition, management of very large-scale database, integrating GIS technique into assessment and predication model of Geo-hazards, the broadcast of Geo-hazards information through Web, etc. All above present the feasible and complete way to the implementation of the system. It will get more social benefit from the actualizing of the system.