美国南佛罗里达大沼泽湿地恢复规划、实施及启示

从20世纪80年代开始,美国联邦政府与佛罗里达州政府共同制订和实施了一系列大沼泽湿地恢复计划和措施,特别是在2000年通过的《大沼泽湿地恢复综合规划》。该规划的目的是为了解决南佛罗里达大沼泽湿地的洪涝灾害、供水不足、水污染和生物多样性下降等问题。通过水利工程措施和生物措施相结合,保护、恢复与治理大沼泽湿地生态系统。在规划制订和实施过程中,应用科学战略、生态系统跟踪监测和综合评估提供了技术支撑。目前,该规划已取得了良好的社会经济效益和生态效益。从大沼泽湿地恢复的背景、工程实施过程和措施、科技支撑等方面,系统分析了大沼泽湿地恢复综合规划要点实施情况及效果,总结了该项目的主要经验及其对我国区域湿地保护与恢复的启示。

Implementation and Implications of Everglade Wetland Restoration Plan in Southern Florida,USA

Since the 1980s,the US federal government has worked with Florida State government to develop and implement a series of Everglades wetland restoration plans and measures,particularly the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan(CERP) approved in 2000.The objectives of CERP are to address the challenges in Everglades,South Florida,such as flood control,insufficient water supply,water pollution and reduced biodiversity,and to protect,restore and regulate the Everglades by combining hydraulic engineering measures and biological measures.During the process of developing and implementing CERP,application of scientific strategy,ecosystem monitoring and integrated assessment,have provided technical support to this plan.To date,many socioeconomic and ecological benefits have been generated.From the aspects of the background of CERP,implementation process and measures,and technical support,the implementation and effectiveness of the CERP were assessed.The best practices of CERP and its implications for protecting and restoring regional wetlands in China were identified.