基于辽河口湿地生态系统服务的等级补偿制度

作为生态补偿制度的核心问题,补偿标准存在诸多争议。随着生态系统服务的价值化与定量化,以生态服务量作为生态补偿标准逐渐成为一种共识。以辽河口湿地生态服务为研究对象,提出基于生态价值的等级补偿制度。根据环境特征,将辽河口湿地生态服务分为物质供给(石油供给、植物供给、水产品供给)、调节服务(水文调节、气候调节、污染物降解)、支持服务(生物多样性保护、促淤造陆)、文化服务(科学教育、休闲旅游)4大类。基于以上生态服务类型,采用专家打分法,分别赋予一定的权重(W)。对某一特定的生态服务而言,根据其年生态服务价值量变化率的高低,分别赋予对应的分值(S),生态服务补偿指数(In)=W×S。根据总生态补偿指数的高低,依次给予6个等级,建立合理的等级生态补偿制度,为科学制定湿地保护政策提供理论依据。

Graded Compensation Systems Based on Ecosystem Services of Liaohe Estuary Wetlands

The standars for compensation is a key problem in ecological compensation system and has been debated widely. With valuation and quantiifcation of ecosystem services, ecological compensation according to the quantity of ecosystem services gradually becomes a consensus. The purpose of this paper is to propose a graded compensation system based on ecological services in the Liaohe estuary wetlands. According to the environmental characteristics of the estuary wetland, ecosystem services were divided into material supply (e.g. petroleum, vegetation, and aquatic products), regulatory services (e.g. hydrological regulation, climatic regulation, and pollutants decomposition), support services (e.g. biodiversity conservation, siltation and epeirogeny), and cultural services (e.g. science education, recreational tourism). Based on these types of services, weights (W) were given according to the expert scoring. For a special ecological service, compensation score (S) was determined by the ratio of ecological value in current year to that in the previous years. Compensation index (In) was the product of W and S. According to total ecosystem compensation index, six grades were given; this will provide theoretical evidence for making scientiifc policies for wetland protection.