间歇性湿地研究进展

间歇性湿地作为湿地的特殊类型,具有生物多样性保护、调节径流、改善水质和调节小气候、稳碳增汇等丰富的经济和生态价值。研究表明:全球间歇性湿地的数量和质量逐年下降,特殊生境受到严重威胁,但目前学者对间歇性湿地的关注仍然不够,国内还未有系统的研究。影响间歇性湿地生态功能的环境因素主要有淹水和干旱时间间隔、持续时间、干旱暴露频率和水生生物群落结构的变化,同时还受水文及地貌的差异控制。综述了20世纪以来人类活动对间歇性湿地类型和分布的影响,并概述了间歇性湿地在全球水-碳循环和生物多样性保护中发挥的生态和社会功能。间歇性湿地作为野生动植物的重要生境,为毗邻生态系统提供营养物质供给、蓄水防洪、水质过滤、稳碳增汇等功能,是自然和社会环境的重要生态安全屏障。

Research Progress in Intermittent Wetland

As a special type of wetlands,intermittent wetlands hold rich economic and ecological values such as biodiversity protection,runoff regulation,water quality improvement,stabilized carbon sinks and microclimate regulation.Studies showed that both quantity and quality of global intermittent wetlands are gradually declining year by year,particularly,unique habitats are seriously threatened.However,the attention paid to intermittent wetlands by scholars is still not adequate currently,no systematic studies have yet been conducted in China.The environmental factors which affect the ecological functions of intermittent wetlands are mainly inundation and drought intervals,duration,frequency of drought exposure,changes in aquatic community structure,as well as differences in hydrogeomorphology.This paper presents a review of the impact of human activities on intermittent types of wetlands and distribution since the 20th century,illustrating their important ecological and social roles in the global water-carbon cycle and biodiversity protection.In addition,serving as important habitats for wildlife and providing multiple functions for adjacent ecosystems including nutrient supply,water storage,flood control,water filtration and stabilized carbon sinks,intermittent wetlands have become an important shelter for ecological security for the natural and social environment.