辽宁营口大辽河口水鸟多样性及季节动态

营口市大辽河口湿地是东亚-澳大利西亚迁飞区水鸟的重要栖息地。2019年,采用样线法和定点观察法,对大辽河口湿地水鸟进行监测,运用指数分析方法研究湿地水鸟多样性。结果表明:共记录到湿地水鸟5目10科45种230355只,其中,鸻形目29种,国家Ⅰ级保护动物2种,国家Ⅱ级保护动物5种,IUCN濒危物种2种,易危物种2种,近危物种2种,个体数量超过全球数量1%标准的有13种。从居留型来看,以旅鸟为主,其个体数量占水鸟个体总数的90.06%。大辽河口湿地水鸟多样性季节差异明显,春季的水鸟个体数量最高,8月的水鸟多样性指数最高,3月的水鸟均匀度指数最高。营口大辽河口湿地水鸟多样性高,种群数量大,已达到国际重要湿地的标准,应尽快纳入国家湿地保护体系。

Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Waterbirds in the Daliao River Estuary,Yingkou of Liaoning

The wetland of Daliao river estuary in Yingkou city,Liaoning province,China is an important habitat for migratory birds along East Asian-Australasian Flyway.In 2019,using line transect and site-fixed observation methods to monitor the wetland waterbirds.Meanwhile,the index analysis method was used to study the diversity of the wetland waterbirds.The results showed that a total of 230355 waterbirds,belonging to 45 species,10 families and 5 orders.Among them,there are 29 species of them were belong to Charadriilformes order.In addition,two and five species were listed respectively as the class-I and class-II national priority for protection in China,two species listed as EN(endangered),two species listed as VU(Vulnerable)and five species listed as NT(near threatened)by IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature)Red List of Endangered Species.Thirteen species of waterbirds exceed the standard of 1%in size of the global population.Travelling birds dominated those species in terms of residence type,accounting for 90.06%of the total number of waterbirds.There were significant seasonal differences in the diversity of waterbirds in the wetland,with the highest number of individual waterbirds in spring,the highest diversity index in August,and the highest evenness index in March.Due to the high diversity of waterbirds and large population size,the Daliao River estuary wetland has reached the standard of international important wetland,and should be included in China's national wetland protection system as soon as possible.