中国听力残疾致残原因的区域分布

利用2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据,采用单因素、聚类分析等方法对我国听力残疾致残原因区域分布特征进行分析。结果表明:我国听力残疾的致残原因呈现城乡、区域、省际分布差异,农村地区遗传性原因、传染性疾病、非传染性疾病、原因不明与其他致听力残疾现患率高于城镇地区。先天性原因致听力残疾比例较高的为东北地区和西南地区,东部沿海地区和南部沿海地区非传染性疾病导致听力残疾比例最高。听力残疾的致残原因省际分布具有地域聚集性。另外,城乡地区不同年龄人口面临着不同的听力残疾致残风险。我国听障防控政策应针对重点地区、重点人群进行干预。

Regional Distribution of Causes of Hearing Disability in China

The aim of this paper was to analyze and explore the regional distribution characteristics of hearing disability in China.Data in this study were derived from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability in China in 2006.The causes of hearing disability were classified as six groups.Prevalence and proportion of various causes were calculated by urban-rural area,eight economic regions and provinces of China.Chi-square test and hierarchical cluster analysis-Walds method were utilized to explore the distribution characteristics.SPSS 20.0 software for Windows was used to conduct statistical analysis.The results showed that the distribution of causes of hearing disability differed across regions in the form of urban and rural region,eight economic areas and various provinces.Prevalence of hereditary-caused,infectious disease caused and non-infectious disease caused hearing disability was higher in rural area than that in urban area.Congenital hearing disability had the highest proportion in Northeast and Southwest region of China.The cluster analysis results showed that the distribution had regional aggregation.