托木尔峰国家级自然保护区土地利用/覆被生态服务价值变化分析

参照中国陆地生态系统服务价值当量,结合研究区不同土地利用∕覆被类型的生物生产量,研究各土地利用/覆被类型的生态服务价值变化。结果表明：① 1989-2014年,冰川面积增长27.63%,草地增长35.69%,水体减少55.43%,荒地减少13.81%,林地减少9.87%;1989-2002年的区域综合动态度为0.72%,2002-2014年的为0.62%。② 保护区的生态服务价值为52.31×10⁸元/a,突出了保护区重要的生态地位。在保护区11项生态服务功能中,水文调节和水资源供给生态服务功能价值最高,食物和原料生产生态服务功能价值较低。③ 1989-2014年生态服务总价值量降低31.49%,其中冰川和草地的总价值量持续增长27.63%和35.70%,水体和荒地的持续减少55.43%和13.81%,林地的先减22.13%,后增15.75%。在价值构成比例上,1989年水体占主要地位,2014年冰川占主要地位。

Analysis on the change of land use/cover ecological service value in Tomur National Nature Reserve

Based on three periods of remote sensing image data, August in 1989, 2002 and 2014, by using the Costanza ecosystem service value calculation formula, and referring to the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value equivalent, the paper, combined with biomass and biodiversity of different land use/cover types in the study area, formulated ecosystem service function value equivalent weight of each land use/cover types in Tomur National Nature Reserve, and analyzed changes in the value of ecosystem service of different land use/cover types. Results showed that: (1) Glacial snow was the largest land type in the reserve, accounting for 49.18% of the total area, and increased by 3.66×10⁴ hm² during 1989-2014, with an annual rate of 1.11%; Grassland area, which accounted for 3.72%, increased by 0.34×10⁴ hm², with an annual rate of 1.43%; Water area, accounting for 3.81%, had a reduction of 1.63×10⁴ hm², with an annual rate of 2.22%; Waste land, accounting for 42.31%, decreased by 2.33×10⁴ hm², with an annual rate of 0.55%; Woodland, accounting for 0.98%, with an annual rate of 1.70% in early stage and 1.33% in later stage. The dynamics of water, grassland and forest land was high, while that of glacier and wasteland was low. The overall dynamic degree of the region in the early stage was 0.72% and the later stage was 0.62%, suggesting that with the promotion of the reserve to the national level in 2003, enhancement of protection efforts and weakening of the impact of human activities, the active degree of mutual conversion between different types gradually slowed down. (2) The ecological service value of the reserve was 52.31×10⁸ yuan/a, which highlighted the important ecological status of the protected area. The ecological service function of water resource supplies and hydrological regulation was the highest in the 11 ecological service functions of the reserve, which was related to the large area of glacier and water in the protected area. The value of the ecological service function of food and raw material production was low, which was related to its non-productive operation mode. During the study period, the total value of ecosystem services decreased by 31.49%, while that of grassland and glaciers increased by 35.70% and 27.63%, and the water and wasteland decreased by 55.43% and 13.81%, and the forest land decreased by 22.13% first and then increased by 15.75%. In the proportion of the value, water was dominant in 1989, and the glacier was in 2014. The main reason was that the water body with the high value of the ecological service was replaced by the glacier with the lower value of the ecological services.