我国航空客流网络发展及其地域系统研究

“极化”效应是高速交通网络引导客货流演进的空间表象,由此导致空间作用关系的变化和空间结构的演化。轴心—附属式的“轴—辐”空间模式已经成为航空客流网络发展的基本模式。本文以航空客流为分析对象,探讨了我国城市间的相互作用特征,以及高速运输网络发展的社会经济意义。结果表明,我国大陆航空客流的网络体系形成了明显的地域分异现象,产生了以三个一级枢纽为核心的“轴—辐”系统,即北京、广州和上海系统,以及两个相对独立的次级系统——乌鲁木齐和昆明系统;航空客流存在显著的距离衰减规律,绝大部分客流发生的距离在2400km之内;超大城市是航空客流的集聚地,以其为枢纽的航空网络的合理组织具有重大的社会经济意义

A study on network of domestic air passenger flow in China

One important role of high-speed transportation network is to promote the spatial agglomeration of traffic flow, which leads to changes of spatial interaction. Air transportation in China grew rapidly in the past two decades and is playing more and more important roles in state transportation system. Due to the improvement of aviation service and the expansion of air transport network, the inter-city linkages among domestic cities are getting enhanced, and hierarchical network is taking shape. In this paper, air passenger network in China is analyzed. The results of dominant flow analysis indicate that the air passenger flow between cities increased quickly in the past two decades, and “Hub-and-Spoke” network has been formed basically. Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are the most important hubs in China's domestic air passenger network, and Urumqi and Kunming are important local hubs. According to the statistical analysis, the passenger flow between cities is closely related to the distance, urban scale, and urban function. In China, about 90% of domestic air passenger traffic takes place between cities where the inter-city transport distance is less than 2 400 km. In order to raise the efficiency of air transportation system, it is very important to organize the passenger network between hub and local airports.