中国省域生态系统服务足迹流动及其影响因素

区域间由供给与消费不均衡所引起的生态系统服务流动,逐渐成为新的研究热点。选取具有代表性的食物供给服务、淡水供给服务和固碳服务,运用生态系统服务足迹算法和多区域间投入产出模型,核算中国省区典型生态系统服务足迹和省域间的动态流动以及影响因素。研究表明：中国省域人均食物供给服务足迹为1.16 hm²/人,人均淡水供给服务足迹为0.06 hm²/人,人均固碳服务足迹为2.92 hm²/人,但由于人口数量、地区发展和单位能耗等因素的影响而具有明显的区域差异性,因此供给与需求的不均衡导致了服务足迹在空间上的流动。同时,生态系统服务足迹与各影响因子呈正相关,表明生态环境与经济增长的可持续发展转好的拐点还未出现。

Ecosystem service footprint flow and the influencing factors within provinces,China

Ecosystem service (ES) has become deeply embedded in governmental decision-making. The ecosystem service flow between different regions caused by the spatial mismatch of supply and consumption has become a hotspot. This paper calculated ecosystem service footprint flow of food provision, freshwater provision, and regulation using the multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model, within the context of 15 sectors of China's domestic trade at provincial level. Conclusions are as follows: Firstly, there are obvious regional differences in ecosystem services footprint. The results show that, the per capita food provision is 1.16 hm², and the southern provinces have higher food provision service footprint than the northern, separated by Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River. It can be seen that the per capita fresh water provision service footprint is 0.06 hm², higher in the north and south, but lower in the central region, which is divided by the 800 mm annual rainfall isoline. And the per capita regulation service is 2.92 hm² and presents a pattern of higher in the northern and eastern parts, while lower in the central and western in China. Secondly, spatial mismatch of ecosystem service supply and consumption is the fundamental cause for ecosystem service footprint flow. Social development and population growth are the main driving force of the ecosystem services footprint flow. The ecosystem service footprint supplied from the sparsely populated west and southwest China transport through the domestic trade to eastern China that could get benefit from the flow and get release of the ecological pressure. Finally, according to the STIRPAT model, we verify the above three types of service footprints, which shows that the Kuznets curve does not exist, or the turning point has not improved yet. Therefore, how to coordinate the relationship between economic development and ecological conservation is the precondition of sustainable development.