人地系统耦合框架下国土空间生态修复规划策略——以粤港澳大湾区为例

在实施国土空间生态修复重大工程背景下,构建科学合理、面向区域发展与公众需求的规划策略是地理学和生态学等领域的研究热点。本文基于人地系统耦合框架,分析从生态修复规划到国土空间生态修复规划在规划思想、目标、性质、对象、路径等方面发生的转变。以人地矛盾突出的典型区域——粤港澳大湾区为案例,分析大湾区面临的突出问题和形势,从发展人地和谐的生态修复战略、整体保护生态空间、充分发挥生态要素综合功能、强化机制保障等方面,构建了问题识别-战略引导-整体布局和分区施策为主线的国土空间生态修复规划策略和思路,以延拓人地系统论,丰富规划理论和方法,为其他地区开展国土空间生态修复提供借鉴。

Planning strategy of land and space ecological restoration under the framework of man-land system coupling: Take the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example

Ecological restoration of land space is an important measure to promote stability, pattern optimization, and function enhancement of the land space system. Its essence is to reconcile the relationship between people and nature and promote the harmonious coexistence of both sides. Under the background of the implementation of major projects of ecological restoration of land and space, constructing a scientific and reasonable planning strategy oriented to regional development and public needs is a research hotspot in the fields of geography and ecology. Man-land system coupling is the theoretical basis of land space ecological restoration planning. Therefore, this article studies and reviews the difference from traditional ecological restoration planning (TERP) to land space ecological restoration planning (LSERP) under the framework of man-land system coupling. In terms of planning, the TERP is guided by the restoration of ecological system problems, focusing on single-element discrete restoration; the LSERP is based on the "mountain, forest, field, lake and grassland" life community, highlighting the organic integration of ecological processes and space. TERP and LSERP have also undergone significant changes in planning goals, nature, objects, technological paths, scales and policy mechanisms. Taking the typical area with prominent man-land contradiction--the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a case, this article analyzes the prominent problems and situations faced by the Greater Bay Area from the perspective of man-land system theory. During the development of the Greater Bay Area, we are faced with problems and challenges, such as the separation of ecological protection elements from the urban development space, the opposition between protection and utilization, the numerous ecological needs, and the difficulty of implementation and control. Ecological problems are the outstanding shortcomings that restrict the high-quality development of the Greater Bay Area. In response to the above problems and needs, this article takes the promotion of human-land harmony in the study area as the general goal, from developing a harmonious ecological restoration strategy, protecting the ecological space as a whole, giving full play to the comprehensive functions of ecological elements, and strengthening mechanisms in terms of guarantees, we have constructed a land space ecological restoration planning strategy and ideas based on problem identification -strategic guidance - overall layout and zoning policy implementation, to enrich man-land system theory, planning theories and methods, as well as to develop land space ecology for other regions as a reference.