巢湖凌家滩遗址古人类活动的地理环境特征

通过对巢湖凌家滩文化遗址的野外勘查、采样和室内磁化率、烧失量、化学元素及光释光年代分析,结合巢湖湖泊岩芯记录的中全新世环境特征、研究区较高分辨率遥感影像和文物考古成果,综合研究表明:古凌家滩人生活于中全新世气候适宜期,其文化的发展和繁荣处在气候由温暖湿润向温和略干转换的过渡阶段;晚更新世末期堆积形成的地面(OSL年代11.6 ±1.0 ka B.P.)是古凌家滩人生活的地貌面,本区古地貌面海拔以及拔河高度与现今不同,这与该区新构造运动沉降和气候-水文因素作用有关;中全新世温暖湿润的气候条件下,太湖山南麓台地被进一步切割为山前长条形岗地与河流相间的地貌形态,遗址所在的长岗岗地是东、西、南三面临水的"半岛"环境,河川相连,便于水运交通、渔猎和水稻种植。

Geographical environment characteristics of ancient human activities in the Lingjiatan Site of Chaohu City, Anhui Province, China

The Lingjiatan Site is located at the southwest of the Hanshan County in Chaohu City, Anhui Province, China. It is about 20 km east to the Chaohu Lake, 35 km north to the Yangtze River and 5 km south to the Taihu Mountain. The 14C dating of Lingjiatan Site is about 5600~5300 aBP, contemporary with the Hongshan culture and earlier than the Liangzhu culture, which falls into the Mid-Holocene epoch. According to field investigations and sampling as well as laboratory analysis of magnetic susceptibility, loess-on-ignition (LOI), chemical elements and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of archaeological site profile of Lingjiatan Site, combined with the Mid-Holocene environment features recorded by the core drilling in the Chaohu Lake, the high resolution remote sensing image and archaeological cultural relics discoveries, this paper discussed the geographical environment characteristics of ancient human activities in the Lingjiatan Site of Chaohu City. The results show that the Lingjiatan ancients lived in the Holocene Optimum. The development of Lingjiatan culture was in interim phase under the climate transforming from warm and wet to cool and dry. The surface deposited in the last phase of late Pleistocene epoch (OSL dating is 11.6 ±1.0 ka BP) was living ground for the Lingjiatan ancient humans. The sedimentary discontinuous surface might be caused by strong fluvial erosion which formed under the warm and humid climatic condition in Mid-Holocene. The altitude of ancient landforms was different from now, which has some relationships with climatic hydrographic factors and neotectonic movement. Under the Mid-Holocene warm and humid climatic condition, the relief configuration distributed alternately with strip hillocks and rivers was further cut and formed in the southern part of Taihu Mountain. The site "peniusula" environment which had rivers flowing in the east, west and south sides of Changgang terrain was good for rice planting, hunting, fishing and water transportation.