产业集群的地方嵌入与全球生产网络链接——以上海文化创意产业园区为例

以全球生产网络理论为基础,通过问卷调查和深度访谈法,再现了上海创意产业集群在地方—区域—全球三个不同地理维度的产业链接网络结构和联系强度,运用三角坐标法分别考察上海创意产业在劳动力市场、外部供给、消费市场、合作关系四个产业链环节的地方嵌入性和全球链接性,探讨学习和创新网络的重要作用。研究结果显示：首先,上海创意产业集群在各个产业链环节都表现出很强的地方黏性,尤其是在地方劳动力市场方面,上海创意产业集群的地方嵌入性最为显著。其次,上海创意产业集群的外部链接存在异质性,其中技术类创意部门与文化类创意部门在劳动力市场、消费市场和合作关系等方面均表现出较大差异,本文从知识分化视角出发对以上异质性进行了解释。最后,总结了上海创意产业集群全球生产网络的基本特征及其地方—全球互动关系,为揭示中国大都市地区文化创意产业集群的地方嵌入和全球网络形成机理提供了详实的案例分析。

Local embeddedness and global production network of industrial clusters: Case study of the cultural creative districts in Shanghai

The recent emergence of creative industries in Shanghai received much attention from policy and urban studies. Previous literature concentrated primarily on local cluster policy and the association with urban regeneration, while the embeddedness to what extent creative clusters in Shanghai are linked with different geographical levels of market has yet been fully understood. This paper aims to examine the structure of economic linkages of highly agglomerated creative clusters in Shanghai from the perspective of global production networks (GPNs) theory. By GPNs, both local and non-local forces are taken into account through an examination of the value-chains of production and consumption, namely labor market, external supply of intermediate inputs, customers, firms, and collaborators. Results show that the creative clusters in Shanghai are globally embedded into multi-scale markets. First, there is an evident tendency towards localization in every branch of linkages, especially in the labor market and external supply sides. Whereas, the international interactions are strongly observed in the consumption and collaboration sides, such as culture media and R&D industries. In addition, foreign collaboration in the operation of the creative economy in Shanghai is particularly significant because of their interdependent and complimentary relationship. This study also provides an important reference to reveal the mechanism of the formation of GPNs and local embeddedness of creative clusters in the metropolitan areas of China.