广州市大气污染分布规律

本文根据广州市 1981～ 1997年的环境监测资料和相近年份的气候统计资料 ,对广州市大气污染的分布规律及其成因进行了研究。结果表明 :①广州大气污染物的浓度具有明显的时空分布规律 ,时间上表现为年内冬强夏弱 ,年际之间自 80年代末以来光化学污染逐年增强 ;空间上 ,空气污染物的负荷率依功能区和行政区而异 ,显示市区由东向西 ,由北向南污染趋强的分布特征。②酸雨率高并以春季最严重。③广州大气污染的时空分布规律与广州的气象特征及污染源的分布和排放强度密切相关。文章认为 :改善广州大气环境的质量 ,应该采取合理的城市规划措施 ,并提出了具体的对策。

Study on distribution regularity of the air pollution in Guangzhou City

Based on the monitoring of the results of atmospheric pollutants from 1981 to 1997 and the climatic data from similar years in Guangzhou city, the distribution regularity of the air pollution in this city is researched The results are described as follows: 1) There was clear cut seasonal changes of the atmospheric pollution in Guangzhou, the highest concentration of contaminants was monitored in winter and the lowest one in summer 2) During the past 15 years, the pollutant load rates of NOx and CO were on the rise while those of the SO 2 and DF ware on the decline each year,which showed that optical chemical pollution had been strengthening year after year since the late 1980s in Guangzhou 3) The pollutant load rate of each atmospheric contamination changed as the function and administration of the areas studied changed. The highest values of SO 2 and DF always appeared in the Industrial Area while CO and NOx in the Heavy Traffic Area In terms of Pollutant Synthetical Index, the Heavy Traffic Area was the maximum and Industrial Area took second place for the functional area. Liwan district was the maximum, Yuexiu and Fangcun took second place and Baiyun was the minimum for administration district, which showed that both Industrial pollution and Traffic pollution were equally heavy and that the atmospheric pollution was gradually aggravated from east and north to west and south in Guangzhou 4) Acid rain was very serious especially in spring 5) The distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in Guangzhou both in time and in space are closely related to the weather factors (wind speed and wind direction, air temperature and so on) and the source of pollutants In order to reach the goal of protecting urban environment from being atmospherically polluted, the author thinks rational urban planning measures should be adopted so as to improve urban atmospheric environment, and specific countermeasures are put forward.