三江源国家公园生态系统服务时空变化及权衡-协同关系

本文基于“当量因子法”、空间自相关及相关系数等方法,定量分析了1990—2015年三江源国家公园生态系统服务的时空变化及生态系统服务间的权衡与协同关系。结果表明：① 1990—2015年,三江源国家公园生态系统服务价值呈不断上升趋势,从研究初期的542.37亿元增加至研究末期的834.70亿元,增长292.33亿元,增幅53.90%,每一阶段平均增长率为9.01%;长江源园区与黄河源园区生态系统服务价值占比情况与三江源国家公园整体情况一致,水域的生态系统服务价值最高,其次为草地、湿地,其中草地与水域提供了各园区90%以上的生态服务;澜沧江源园区的生态系统服务占比则为草地（70.58%）、湿地（23.58%）、水域（3.38%）。② 空间上,长江源园区及澜沧江源园区的生态系统服务价值呈东南高西北低的特征;黄河源园区则呈现西高东低特征。③ 相关分析表明,协同关系是三江源国家公园生态系统服务之间的主导关系,但各生态系统服务之间的相关程度各异。④ 数量方面,4类典型生态服务之间的权衡与协同关系的Moran′s I指数与相关性系数表现一致;空间分析方面,生态系统服务之间权衡与协同关系的异质性显著。

Spatial-temporal change and trade-off/synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services in Three-River-Source National Park

It is of great significance to carry out the research on the changes of National Park ecosystem services and the trade-off and synergy to realize the strictest ecological protection, promote the construction of ecological civilization and realize the sustainable development of the region. In this paper, the Three-River-Source National Park was taken as an example. Firstly, the terrestrial ecosystem service accounting method was used to measure the ecosystem services (including 4 kinds and 11 types) from 1990 to 2015, and we revised the accounting results by using the contribution rate of ecosystem services value. Then the characteristics of its temporal and spatial changes during the study period were analyzed. Finally, the trade-off/synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services were quantitatively analyzed based on bivariate local spatial autocorrelation and correlation coefficient in different periods. The results showed that: (1) The value of the ecosystem services of the Three-River-Source National Park increased from 54.237 billion in 1990 to 83.47 billion in 2015, an increase of 29.233 billion, or up by 53.90%, and the average growth rate at each stage was 9.01%. The value ratio of ecosystem services of the Changjiang and Huanghe river source national parks is consistent with the overall situation of the park, and the water areas provided the highest value of ecosystem services, followed by grassland and wetland. Grassland and water supply more than 90% of the ecological services of the park. But the grasslands provided the highest (70.58%) value of ecosystem services in the Lancang River Source National Park, and followed by wetlands (23.58%) and water areas (3.38%). (2) The ecosystem services value increased from northwest to southeast in Changjiang and Lancang river source national parks, but the ecosystem services value presented the characteristics of "higher in the east but low in the west" in Huanghe River Source National Park. Correlation analysis showed that synergy was the dominate relationship among ecosystem services in the Three-River-Source National Park, but the correlation degree among ecosystem services varied. (3) In quantity, the global Moran′s I index and the correlation coefficient of the trade-off and synergy among the four typical ecological services were consistent. And there was significant heterogeneity of trade-off/synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services in terms of spatial pattern.