北京城市边缘区非农产业活动特征与形成机制*

考察了北京主城边缘区的非农产业结构与空间特征,揭示了二者的交互演进过程:非农产业的发展是城市边缘区形成的重要标志,产业结构的升级促进了边缘区的圈层扩展和空间演进;边缘区的外移过程中,制造业具有稳定的优势,交运仓储、生产资料租赁等传统生产者服务业的优势也随之强化,但空间黏滞性较强的旅游、体育等行业则促进了边缘区产业结构的时相差异性。文章对城市边缘区"年轮式"的圈层扩展进行了定量实证分析,并将其实现的微观路径归纳为飞地式、轴向、填充式和外推式等四种扩展模式。城市规划、城郊高速公路和开发区建设、地价和综合环境的改善是城市边缘区产业空间演变的重要动力。城市空间优化和产业结构调整的结合是解决边缘区产业、空间和社会问题的有效途径。

Characteristics and evolution mechanism of non-agricultural industrial activities in Beijing urban fringe

As a result of metropolitan suburbanization and rural urbanization, the formation and evolution of urban fringe in China are deeply affected by policies on urban land use, migration, investment and spatial distribution of industries. However, endogenous interactions between industrial structure and spatial patterns of non-agricultural activities are the core driving forces of their inter-evolution. Studies on urban fringe in China have long been restricted by the lack of micro-level data since the 1980s. Based on systematic firm-level data gathered from the National Censuses of Basic Units in 1996 and 2001, this paper, taking the case of Beijing, inspects the spatial expansion of the urban fringe. Then, it analyzes industrial development and spatial pattern evolution of non-agricultural activities in the context of interaction between them. Results show that urban fringe is the best location for manufacturing, especially heavy manufacturing, as well as traditional producer services and living services. However, industries with spatial stickiness such as tourism and sports will not move with the fringe. At the same time, advanced services still concentrate mostly in the city center. The diversity of distribution patterns across sectors has induced the results that industrial structure adjustment promotes the expansion and spatial evolution of urban fringe, and that, on the other hand, the stability and dynamics of industrial structure coexist in the moving urban fringe. This paper carries out a quantitative research on the "annual ring" style expansion of urban fringe and summarizes the expansion patterns as enclave, axial, filling-up and spread modes at the micro-level. Urban planning, suburban highway construction, industrial zone development, lower land price and integrated environment are important exogenous driving forces for the expansion and spatial evolution of Beijing urban fringe. It is shown that the combined action of spatial optimization and industrial restructuring is an effective solution to economic, spatial and social problems in urban fringes.