珠三角外围地区农村回流劳动力的就业选择及影响因素

在农村劳动力持续外流的同时,农村地区的劳动力存在着弱回流,农村回流劳动力对乡村振兴与重构极为重要。基于珠三角外围地区不同地域类型的15个村的问卷调查资料,采用Logistic回归模型,对农村回流劳动力的就业选择特征及非农就业的影响因素进行综合分析。研究发现：① 外出务工的工资性收入的资本积累,是返乡从事零售、杂货、服装和个体修理等个体经营的基础,非农就业在空间选择上倾向于中心镇或县（区）。② 农村人口外流致使农村地域的人地关系发生显著变化,农地生计保障性功能弱化,农地规模经营的租种成本降低,部分农村回流劳动力选择从事农业生产,主要以种植经济果林、药材为主,助推了农用地非粮化。③ 农村回流劳动力的非农就业受到个人特征、家庭特征、村庄特征等多元因素影响。在个人特征方面,年龄越小、受教育程度越高的回流者从事非农职业的倾向性越大;在家庭特征方面,家庭务农人数与务工人数越少、农田面积越小的回流劳动力倾向于从事非农职业;在村庄特征方面,不同县域的农村劳动力就业倾向差异较大,距离县城越近的农村劳动力从事非农职业的几率越大。县域村镇体系的中心地发展与规划建设是乡村转型发展的关键地域节点。

Employment choice of rural return migrants around the Pearl River Delta region and its influencing factors

In the process of the continuous outflow of rural labor force, return migrant labor force is critically important to rural development and reconstruction. Based on the typical questionnaire of the 15 villages in the three counties around the Pearl River Delta region, i.e., Raoping, Luhe and Deqing, using the logistic regression analysis model, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the career conversion and the employment choice tendency of return migrant labor force. The main results are as follows: (1) The accumulation of material capital of return migrant workers was the basis of self-management in retail, grocery, clothing and individual repair etc. The space choice of the non-agricultural employment tended to be of the center of the town or county (district). (2) The rural population outflow has led to the significant changes in the relationship between human and environment in rural areas, so that the rental costs of large-scale agricultural land become lower, the part of the rural return migrant workers selected to engage in agricultural production, mainly focused on the economic fruit trees, herbs, boost agricultural land non-grain, which affect the quality of cultivated land and food security in the region. (3) Non-farm employment in rural areas was affected by multiple factors. In terms of personal characteristics, the younger and the higher education, the greater the probability of return migrant labor forces engaged in non-agricultural jobs; In terms of family characteristics, the number of households with fewer farmers and the number of migrant workers, the smaller the farmland area of return migrant labor forces tend to engage in non-agricultural occupations; In terms of village characteristics, the employment tendency of rural labor force varies in different counties. The shorter distance the villager lies to the county, the higher the probability of rural labor force engaged in non-agricultural occupation. Reflow variables, including the length of the returnees, the length of the return, and whether the rural labor force has gone out, have no significant effect on non-agricultural employment options.