硬化地面与黄土高原水土流失

在界定硬化地面概念的基础上,进一步将硬化地面分为道路、城镇街区、农家场院三大类。并利用黄土高原400~600mm集流能力试验公式,对甘肃省陇东黄土高原沟壑区不同硬化地面的集流能力、侵蚀量进行分类实例分析研究,发现硬化地面集流能力远大于自然地面,因此城镇、道路、村庄附近的土壤侵蚀尤其严重。在黄土高原地区,不仅与之相关的沟壑的形成和发育,而且相关沟谷和河流的溯源侵蚀之力度大小也要受其影响。随着人口的增加,硬化地面面积越来越大,受其影响水土流失更加严重,这是历史时期黄土高原水土流失日益加剧的重要原因之一。今后黄土高原的水土保持工作,须将防治水土流失与解决水资源紧缺有机结合起来。其最佳解决途径,就是用硬化地面所集中的雨水,作为工农业生产和生活用水,以解决黄土高原水资源之不足。

The harden ground and soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau

According to the defintion the concept of the harden ground,the harden ground is classified as road,town block and farmyard.Through analyzing erosion quantity and the capability of rain-water collection of different kinds of harden ground in the east of Gansu Province,by utilizing the formula which could testify the rain-water collection capability of the harden ground in the 400-600 mm rainfall area on the Loess Plateau,the paper points out that there is serious soil erosion particularly by the roads,towns and villages,which is related to the physiognomic phenomena of gullies on the Loess Plateau,since the rain-water collection of the harden ground is more effective than the natural ground on the Loess Plateau.It is argued that the rain-water collection capability is connected with the harden ground's characteristics,different ways making harden ground led to different kinds of rain-water collection and different kinds of soil erosion,even if this happens on the same type of the harden ground.The study holds that the increasing population,the enlargement of harden ground area,and the resultant more serious soil and water loss constituted one of the essential reasons for the aggravated soil erosion on the Loess Plateau in the historical period.Therefore,the future soil and water conservation work on the Loess Plateau should organically connect the work of prevention and control of soil and water loss with the solution of water shortage problem.Furthermore,the best resolution to the problem of water shortage on the Loess Plateau is to use the harden ground gathered water for industrial and agricultural,produation and domestic consumption.